Adverse drug reactions serious

ADVERSE DRUG REACTION (SERIOUS) This is an adverse drug reaction which is fatal, life-threatening, disabling, incapacitating or which results in or prolongs hospitalisation. 

Drug reactions are potentially serious. The nurse should observe all patients for adverse drug reactions, drug idiosyncrasy, and evidence of drug tolerance (when applicable). It is important to report all drug reactions or any unusual drug effect to the primary health care provider. 

Monitoring and Managing Adverse Drug Reactions The nurse observes the patient at frequent intervals, especially during the first 48 hours of therapy. It is important to report to the primary health care provider the occurrence of any adverse reaction before the next dose of the drug is due The nurse should report serious adverse reactions, such as a severe hypersensitivity reaction, respiratory difficulty, severe diarrhea, or a decided drop in blood pressure, to the primary health care provider immediately because a serious adverse reaction may require emergency intervention. 

The nurse must also closely observe die patient for odier adverse drug reactions, such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Some adverse drug reactions are also signs of digitalis toxicity, which can be serious. The nurse should carefully consider any patient complaint or comment, record it on die patient s chart, and bring it to die attention of the primary care provider. 

Notification by sponsor and/or investigator, where applicable to regulatory authorities and IRBs/IECs of unexpected serious adverse drug reactions and other safety information... 

Meanwhile, these chemicals—like chemical agents encountered at work or in hobbies or as pollutants in air, water, soil, or food—can also cause harm. Sometimes the known mechanisms of action permit us to predict the nature of toxicity to be expected. A meta-analysis of prospective studies from U.S. hospitals indicates that 6.7% of in-patients have serious adverse drug reactions 0.3% have fatal reactions (Lazarou et al., 1998). In fact, estimates of 40,000 to 100,000 deaths per year attributed to errors in medical care, primarily due to adverse reactions to pharmaceuticals, make this phenomenon a major cause of death in the United States (Meyer, 2000). A tremendous... 

Elderly patients often exhibit an enhanced dose response to warfarin (Hylek 2001). With the knowledge of high risk for serious adverse drug reactions from warfarin, thorough monitoring of treatment is mandatory. 

Approximately 10% of new chemical entities (NCEs) show serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after market launch. Such events usually result in new black box warnings by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), label change or market withdrawal. The most common causes for these actions are hepatic toxicity, hematologic toxicity and cardiovascular toxicity [2], Reasons for such ADRs, which are identified only after NCEs are launched on the market, include the narrow spectrum of clinical disorders and participating patient profiles in clinical studies as well as the fact that serious ADRs are often rare and that the number of patient exposures required to identify such occurrences sometimes may range over a few millions [3],... 

All adverse drug reactions fhaf are bofh serious and unexpected. 

Severe, life-threatening diseases, such as cancer require a different drug discovery approach. Safety requirements in most oncology targets tolerate more side effects, which otherwise would severely limit the use of a medicine in other indications. For example, in addition to hair loss, a common side effect of cancer treatment, compounds which affect cell cycle, cell proliferation and apoptosis pathways also cause other serious side effects and make the patient endure severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs). 

Lack of access to medicines and inappropriate doses result in serious morbidity and mortality, particularly for childhood infections and chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, epilepsy and mental disorders. Inappropriate use and over-use of medicines waste resources - often out-of-pocket payments by patients - and result in significant patient harm in terms of poor patient outcomes and adverse drug reactions. Furthermore, over-use of antimicrobials is leading to increased antimicrobial resistance and non-sterile injections to the transmission of hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne diseases. Finally, irrational over-use of medicines can stimulate inappropriate patient demand, and lead to reduced access and attendance rates due to medicine stock-outs and loss of patient confidence in the health system. 

The alternative drugs listed below are usually considered only (1) in case of resistance to first-line agents (2) in case of failure of clinical response to conventional therapy (3) in case of serious treatment-limiting adverse drug reactions and... 

In a multicenter, open, phase III study in 104 Korean patients there were eight adverse drug reactions in six patients taking pitavastatin and 19 adverse drug reactions in 12 patients taking simvastatin (4). However, there were no reports of serious reactions in either group. 

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious adverse drug reaction to heparin (Fig, I). HIT is caused by the... 

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