Chemical heat management

The chemical engineer almost never encounters a single reaction in an ideal single-phase isothermal reactor. Real reactors are extremely complex with multiple reactions, multiple phases, and intricate flow patterns within the reactor and in inlet and outlet streams. An engineer needs enough information from this course to understand the basic concepts of reactions, flow, and heat management and how these interact so that she or he can begin to assemble simple analytical or intuitive models of the process. 

There are several means to facilitate the heat management of chemical reactors, such as... 

Spallina, V., Gallucci, E, Romano, M.C. et al. (2013) Investigation of heat management for CLC of syngas in packed bed reactors. Chemical Engineering Journal, 225, 174-191. 

In comparison to monoliths, applications of open-celled foam structures to the chemical process industry are still at an earlier developmental stage. We report fundamental and applied investigations demonstrating opportunities for the implementation of foam catalysts in the same two main areas of millisecond contact time processes, and of fixed-bed reactors with enhanced heat management. 

The use of the computer in the design of chemical processes requires a framework for depiction and computation completely different from that of traditional CAD/CAM appHcations. Eor this reason, most practitioners use computer-aided process design to designate those approaches that are used to model the performance of individual unit operations, to compute heat and material balances, and to perform thermodynamic and transport analyses. Typical process simulators have, at their core, techniques for the management of massive arrays of data, computational engines to solve sparse matrices, and unit-operation-specific computational subroutines. 

Use chemical interaction matrices to identify potential incompatibilities between combinations of materials (not just binary reactions) and interactions with cleaning solvents, heat transfer fluids and other utilities, equipment lubricants, scrubbing media, materials of construction, etc. Implement management of change procedures for changes in design, operation, equipment and chemistry. 

In this book we have decided to concentrate on purely synthetic applications of ionic liquids, just to keep the amount of material to a manageable level. FFowever, we think that synthetic and non-synthetic applications (and the people doing research in these areas) should not be treated separately for a number of reasons. Each area can profit from developments made in the other field, especially concerning the availability of physicochemical data and practical experience of development of technical processes using ionic liquids. In fact, in all production-scale chemical reactions some typically non-synthetic aspects (such as the heat capacity of the ionic liquid or product extraction from the ionic catalyst layer) have to be considered anyway. The most important reason for close collaboration by synthetic and non-synthetic scientists in the field of ionic liquid research is, however, the fact that in both areas an increase in the understanding of the ionic liquid material is the key factor for successful future development. 

The business manager is frugal so he asks, Why not burn the coal directly and save the cost ot manufacturing the water gas The mechanical engineer is practical so he asks, How much heat will the boiler receive if I use coal instead of water gas The chemical engineer goes to the laboratory to find the answers by measuring the heat released per mole of carbon burned in reaction (4). The laboratory result shows that reaction (4) releases 94.0 kcal/mole ... 

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