Characterization of polymer

Polymer characterization plays an important role in determining the properties as well as the behavior of the polymers. A brief review of different parameters and methods commonly used for the characterization of polymer is given in Table 8.3 [14,15]. 

Molecular weight Number Average Molecular Weight Weight Average Molecular Weight 

Size and size distribution Dynamic light scattering method Gel Permeation Chromatography Size Exclusion Chromatography 

Thermal characterization Thermo gravimetrical Analysis (TGA) Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Thermo mechanical analysis 

Polymer structure X-ray diffraction (XRD) Micro beam Diffraction NMR Spectroscopy Spectroscopic methods 

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As in Auger spectroscopy, SIMS can be used to make concentration depth profiles and, by rastering the ion beam over the surface, to make chemical maps of certain elements. More recently, SIMS has become very popular in the characterization of polymer surfaces [14,15 and 16]. 

Survey spectra using the MPI method are used primarily for quantification of surface components in inorganic materials, with a detection limit of ppm to ppb. The same mode coupled with SPI can be used for molecular characterization of polymer films. 

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are also very useful tools for the characterization of polymers. TGA and DSC provide die information about polymer stability upon heating and thermal behaviors of polymers. Most of the polymers syndiesized via transition metal coupling are conjugated polymers. They are relatively stable upon heating and have higher Tgs. 

Investigations of new sensors and instruments for on-line characterization of polymer batches at all process stages. 

The batch process control system we ve purchased provides only a starting point for our process research lab we must also identify and test a comprehensive set of controlled devices and real-time process instruments for chemists and engineers to use as building blocks for real feedback control systems. The technologies we are evaluating for characterization of polymer batches at all process stages include ... 

Table 1 Characterization of polymers obtained by ring-opening polymerization of PO catalyzed by DMC catalpts in the presence of QASs and imidazolium salts...

Kanda, T., Shirota, O., Ohtsu, Y., and Yamaguchi, M., Synthesis and characterization of polymer-coated mixed-functional stationary phases with several different hydrophobic groups for direct analysis of biological samples by liquid chromatography, /. Chromatogr. A, 722, 115, 1996. 

Barth, H. G., Hyphenated polymer separation techniques present and future role, in Chromatographic Characterization of Polymers, Hyphenated and Multidimensional Techniques, Provder, T., Barth, H. G., and Urban, M. W., Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1995, chap. 1. 

Podzimek, S., The use of GPC coupled with a multiangle laser light-scattering photometer for the characterization of polymers. On the determination of molecular weight, size, and branching, /. Appl. Polym. Sci., 54, 91, 1994. 

W.J. Simonsick and L. Prokai, in Chromatographic Characterization of Polymers, Hyphenated and Multidimensional Techniques (T. Provder, H.G. Barth and... 

The characterization of polymer systems important to packaging is, of course, essential to their development. Some of the most powerful techniques for studying... 

The simple system of hardware and software described above provides data for orientation characterization of polymer specimens. The system is used to conduct research on a wide variety of materials rather than to provide analytical results for process control. 

Kilz, P., Kruger, R.P., Much, H., Schulz, G. (1995). Chromatographic Characterization of Polymers Hyphenated and Multidimensional Techniques, Advances in Chemistry Series 247. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. Chapter 17. 

Pasch, H. (2004). Characterization of Polymer Heterogeneity by 2DLC. In Striegel, A.M., editor.Multiple Detection in Size-Exclusion Chromatography. ACS Symposium Series 893, American Chemical Society Washington, D.C. 

With this chapter we have tried to provide an overview of experimental techniques for determining molecular weight averages and molecular weight distributions. All methods discussed here have their specific advantages and weaknesses and differ very much in their complexity. The choice of the best method strongly depends on polymer properties, the information needed for a particular purpose, and on the available resources. Yet another aspect in the analytical characterization of polymers may be speed. 

I. Noda, A.E. Dowrey and C. Marcott, Characterization of polymers using polarization-modulation infrared techniques Dynamic infrared linear dichroism (DIRLD) spectroscopy. 

In H. Ishida (Ed.), Fourier Transform Infrared Characterization of Polymers, Plenum Press, New York, 1987, p. 33. 

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