Characterization Thermo gravimetric analysis

Thermal characterization Thermo gravimetrical Analysis (TGA) Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Thermo mechanical analysis... 

From the discussion presented of reactions in solids, it should be apparent that it is not practical in most cases to determine the concentration of some species during a kinetic study. In fact, it may be necessary to perform the analysis in a continuous way as the sample reacts with no separation necessary or even possible. Experimental methods that allow measurement of the progress of the reaction, especially as the temperature is increased, are particularly valuable. Two such techniques are thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These techniques have become widely used to characterize solids, determine thermal stability, study phase changes, and so forth. Because they are so versatile in studies on solids, these techniques will be described briefly. 

At sufficiently elevated temperatures, ILs decompose chemically. Thermo-gravimetric analysis has given some insight on the decomposition process for some species [55, 59], though it has not been well characterized for many classes of ILs. Temperatures for thermal decomposition vary widely between species, but can be as high as 450°C [54, 55, 60],... 

Thermal characterization of PPSe and PPTe was done using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), TGA followed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (TGA/GC/MS), and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 

Thermal characterization by differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and thermomechanical analysis... 

Since all polymeric intermediates, and in many instances also the final ceramics, are amorphous, only thermal and spectroscopic methods can be utilized to characterize the thermal conversion. The most extensive studies have been performed on the polymer N-methylpolyborosileizane (PBS-Me), made from the single source precursor TADB. The pyrolysis has been monitored in situ by differential thermal analysis combined with thermo-gravimetric analysis and mass spectrometry (DTA/TG/MS). For ex situ investigations, batches of the polymer were treated at different temperatures, cooled to room temperature, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 

Thermal methods including differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric/dilferential thermal analyzer (TG-DTG) have been employed mainly for the analysis of polymers and particularly the characterization and determination of the thermal properties of cyclotripho-sphazenes " and polyphosphazenes for example. Obviously, full characterizations have been carried out using spectroscopic and structural studies. 

The basic strength or alkalinity of the catalyst (H ) will be estimated using Hanunet titration or Hammet indicators. Thermal decomposition of the catalyst is evaluated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). FT-IR analysis is also carried out to record the absorption peaks for further characterization of the catalysts. All these characterization techniques are normally used for base catalysts and the same has been reported in the literature, which is shown in the tables mentioned in the present chapter. 

The product is characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analysis. All diffraction lines could be indexed in orthorhombic symmetry, space group Pbam, a = 5.5491(1) k, b = 10.4782(2) A, c = 3.8796(1) A. TGA is consistent with the stoichiometry LaCu02.so-... 

Basic magnesium phosphates may be characterized by x-ray and thermo-gravimetric analyses and elemental analysis. Magnesium may be determined... 

The products obtained are determined by the energy spectrum for the compositions, mainly for the Ca/P mole ratio, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy with the Fourier transformation intra-red spectrophotometer (FTIR) of Type Nicolet 51 OP made by Nicolet Co., thermal analysis on a thermo- gravimetric/differential thermal analyzer (TG/DTA) of Type ZRY-2P, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis with the X-ray diffractometer of Type XD-5 made by Shimadzu Co., scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with the transmission electron mirror microscope of Type JEM-100SX type made by JEOL Co. 

Standard tests consisted of proximate, ultimate, higher heating value, ash composition, ash fusibility temperatures, Hardgrove grindability, and screen analyses. Special bench scale characterization tests consisted of micro-proximate analysis and micro-ultimate analysis (C, H, N) micro-proximate and micro-ultimate analyses were performed on particulate samples collected from varying stages of combustion in the DTFS and CMHF. In addition, selected samples of SRC and chars from partial combustion or pyrolysis of the SRC were submitted for Thermo-Gravimetric analyses. 

Rodergues C, Bugey DE. Characterization of pharmaceutical solvates by combined thermo-gravimetric and infrared analysis. J Pharm Sci 1997 86 263-266. 

X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), thermo gravimetric (TGA) analysis, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and measurements of adsorption isotherms are key methods for characterizing zeolite-like behavior. However, a simple proof for observing structural changes during the sorption processes is XRPD. 

---