Chromatographic characterization

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has become one of the most important techniques for characterizing the molar mass, and molar mass distribution of polymer samples because of the relative ease and rapidity of measurement. There are, however, problems to consider, such as accurate calibration, correction for peak broadening effects, concentration dependence of elution volumes, non-exclusion effects, and inadequate peak separation, which continue to occupy attention. 

Perhaps the most important area of development is the use of on-line absolute 

A new universal calibration procedure, dubbed the Southern Method by its 

Trathrigg and H. Leopold, Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 1980, 1. 569. 

The universal calibration method has proved valid for poly(dimethyl siloxane) and polycarbonates, and poly(styrene-c -divinyl benzene) in dimethylformamide. but only if the solvent contained lithium bromide in sufficiently high concentration.  

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Fig. 6-5. Model of the binding site for L-PA based on spectroscopic and chromatographic characterization of the prepolymerization monomer-template assemblies.

Chromatographic Characterization of TTXs. The vast majority of reports have identified TTX and anhydro-TTX in bacterial cultures using HPLC, TLC, and GC-MS. Yasumoto et al. (30) showed that TTX-like substances extracted from a Pseudomonas sp. culture could bind to activated charcoal at pH 5.5 and be eluted with 20% ethanol in 1% acetic acid. In addition, HPLC analysis demonstrated TTX and anhydro-TTX-like fluorophors following strong base treatment. These compounds migrated on silica gel comparably to TTX and anhydro-TTX. Furthermore, when analyzed by electron ionization (EI)-MS and fast atom... 

Chabrecek, P, Soltes, L., Kallay, Z., and Novak, I., Gel permeation chromatographic characterization of sodium hyaluronate and its fractions prepared by ultrasonic degradation, Chromatographia, 30, 201, 1990. 

Wu, S. -L., Benedek, K., and Karger, B. L., Thermal behavior of proteins in high-performance hydro-phobic-interaction chromatography. On-line spectroscopic and chromatographic characterization, /. Chromatogr., 359, 3, 1986. 

Barth, H. G., Hyphenated polymer separation techniques present and future role, in Chromatographic Characterization of Polymers, Hyphenated and Multidimensional Techniques, Provder, T., Barth, H. G., and Urban, M. W., Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1995, chap. 1. 

W.J. Simonsick and L. Prokai, in Chromatographic Characterization of Polymers, Hyphenated and Multidimensional Techniques (T. Provder, H.G. Barth and... 

Kilz, P., Kruger, R.P., Much, H., Schulz, G. (1995). Chromatographic Characterization of Polymers Hyphenated and Multidimensional Techniques, Advances in Chemistry Series 247. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. Chapter 17. 

Kazuhiro, K., Tanaka, N., Iwaguchi, K., Onishi, S., Jinno, K., Eksteen, R., Hosoya, K. and Araki, M., Chromatographic Characterization of Silica Cjg Packing Materials. Correlation between a Preparation Method and Retention Behavior of Stationary Phase./. Chromatogr. Sci., 27 721—728, 1989. 

Allen, D., and El Rassl, Z. (2004). Capillary electrochromatography with monolithic silica columns III. Preparation of hydrophilic silica monoliths having surface-bound cyano groups chromatographic characterization and application to the separation of carbohydrates, nucleosides, nucleic acid bases and other neutral polar species.. Chromatogr. A 1029, 239—247. 

Torres, J. and Lozano, C., Chromatographic characterization of proanthocyanidins after thiolysis with cysteamine. Chromatographia 54, 523, 2001. 

Schnee, V. R, Baker, G. A., Rank, E., and Ralmer, C. R, Electrokinetic chromatographic characterization of novel pseudo-phases based on N-alkyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium ionic liquid type surfactants. Electrophoresis, 2J, 4141-4148,2006. 

Kovats, E. 1965. Gas chromatographic characterization of organic substances in the retention index system. Adv. Chromatographia 1 229. 

Frimmel, F. H., Gremm,T., and Huber, S. A. (1992). Liquid chromatographic characterization of refractory organic acids. Sci. Total Environ. 117/118,197-206. 

Burke, W.J., Potter, A.D., and Parkhurst, R.M., Neutral silver nitrate as a reagent in the chromatographic characterization of phenolic compounds, Anal. Chem., 32, 727, 1960 Chem. Abs., 54,13990d, 1960. 

H. Engehardt and H. Muller, Chromatographic characterization of silica surfaces J. Chromatogr., 218 395 (1981). 

Chromatographic characterization of sugar phosphates can be achieved by two different methods. First, you can usually detect the sugar portion of sugar phosphates by using sugar-specific reagents, such as the aniline-acid-oxalate spray... 

Barth HG (1995) Hyphenated polymer separation techniques. Present and future role. In Provder T, Barth HG, Urban MW (eds) Chromatographic characterization of polymers. Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques, chap 1. Adv Chem Ser 247, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC... 

White, J. L. Salladay, D. G. Quisenberry, D. 0. Maclean, D. L., "Gel Permeation and Thin-Layer Chromatographic Characterization and Solution Properties of Butadiene and Styrene Homopolymers and Copolymers," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 16, 2811 (1972). 

In Chromatographic Characterization of Polymers Provder, T., el ah Advanees in Chemistry Ameriean Chemieal Society Washington, DC, 1995. 

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