STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERS

Carbon blacks are typical fillers for reinforcing rubber. An extensive literature has been devoted to the manufacture, structure, and characterization of carbon blacks, as well to their effects as fillers in polymers. Some specific and more detailed information can be found in Refs. [38,48]. 

Structure, Morphology, Physical Formats and Characterization of Polymer Supports... 

The change in authors has not altered the basic concept of this 4th edition again we were not aimed at compiling a comprehensive collection of recipes. Instead, we attempted to reach a broader description of the general methods and techniques for the synthesis, modification, and characterization of macromolecules, supplemented by 105 selected and detailed experiments and by sufficient theoretical treatment so that no additional textbook be needed in order to understand the experiments. In addition to the preparative aspects we have also tried to give the reader an impression of the relation of chemical structure and morphology of polymers to their properties, as well as of areas of their appUcation. 

Several important terms and concepts must be understood in order to fully discuss the synthesis, characterization, structure, and properties of polymers. Most of these will be defined and discussed in detail in subsequent chapters. However, some are of such fundamental importance that they must be defined at the beginning. 

NMR has grown in importance over the last two decades as an important tool for characterizing the structure and dynamics of polymers, both synthetic and biosynthetic. Other reviews have appeared in the recent literature [1, 2]. This chapter will focus on both the characterization of structure and dynamics of biopolymers from spectra obtained without the use of magic-angle spinning. 

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