Characteristic index

The depressing property of the organic depressant mainly depends on its structure. Some quantitative criteria have been used to determine the depressing ability of the organic depressants (Wang, 1982, 1997). The characteristic index of an organic depressant is defined as follows ... 

In Fig. 21.1 the dissociation energy of the weakest bond of the same polymers, supplemented with the data of a number of radical initiators (peroxides and azo compounds) is plotted against the most characteristic index of the heat resistance, viz. the temperature of "half decomposition" (Ta4/2). The relationship is evident, though not sufficiently accurate for a reliable estimate of T yi-... 

Fig. 13. Characteristic index fossil of the older phases of the Middle Pleistocene, the vole Mimomys savini Hinton, (a) and (b) Occlusal surface of the first molar of a young and an adult specimen (c) and (d) same from lateral view occlusal surface of (e) M2 (f) M2 and (g) M] (upper first molar). Characteristic from lateral view is the weak development of roots. Locality rock shelter of Tarkd.

Dyal, R.S. and Hendricks, S.B. (1950), Total Surface Area of Clays in Polar Liquids as a Characteristics Index. Soil Sci. 69 421-432. 

I.2. Hydrophilic-hydrophobic factor and criteria Hydrophilic characteristics of a reagent molecule include hydration tendency of the polar head itself and hydrophilicity of the reagent-metal bond at the mineral surface. The characteristics of the non-polar group of a reagent determine its use. The criteria of hydrophilic-hydrophobic factors affecting the structure property relationship of the reagent include characteristic index i and hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance (HHB). 

Optical Activity. Optical activity is the most characteristic index of optical purity in cases where the chiral excipients are suspected to be enantiomerically impure. Chiral excipients with no observable optical activity are assumed to be in a 1 1 ratio of enantiomers (racemates). However, the measurement may be accidental due to the storage conditions (such as temperature and medium) in which the determination was done, which could lead to changes in optical activity [15]. In such cases, the sample is not considered racemic but is said to be cryptochiral [16]. 

Dyal, R. S., and S. B. Hendricks, 1950. Total surface of clays in polar liquids as a characteristic index. Soil Sci, 69 421. 

Another characteristic used for some time to measure the propensity of a diesel fuel for auto-ignition, is the Diesel Index (Dl). This is defined by the relation ... 

The luminometer index (ASTM D 1740) is a characteristic that is becoming less frequently used. It is determined using the standard lamp mentioned above, except that the lamp is equipped with thermocouples allowing measurement of temperatures corresponding to different flame heights, and a photo-electric cell to evaluate the luminosity. The jet fuel under test is compared to two pure hydrocarbons tetraline and iso-octane to which are attributed the indices 0 and 100, respectively. The values often observed in commercial products usually vary between 40 and 70 the official specification is around 45 for TRO. 

One other characteristic linked to the quality of combustion is called the CIl (Calculated Ignition Index) and is expressed by the equation / ... 

When a customer agrees to purchase gas, product quality is specified in terms of the calorific value of the gas, measured by the Wobbe index (calorific value divided by density), the hydrocarbon dew point and the water dew point, and the fraction of other gases such as Nj, COj, HjS. The Wobbe index specification ensures that the gas the customer receives has a predictable calorific value and hence predictable burning characteristics. If the gas becomes lean, less energy is released, and if the gas becomes too rich there is a risk that the gas burners flame out . Water and hydrocarbon dew points (the pressure and temperature at which liquids start to drop out of the gas) are specified to ensure that over the range of temperature and pressure at which the gas is handled by the customer, no liquids will drop out (these could cause possible corrosion and/or hydrate formation). 

The basic condition of the Standard application - the availability of stable coupled probabilistic or the multiple probabilistic relations between then controlled quality indexes and magnetic characteristics of steel. All the probabilistic estimates, used in the Standard, are applied at confidence level not less than 0,95. General requirements to the means of control and procedure of its performance are also stipulated. Engineers of standard development endeavoured take into consideration the existed practice of technical control performance and test at the enterprises that is why the preparation of object control for the performance of nondestructive test can be done during the process of ordinary acceptance test. It is suggested that every enterprise is operated in correspondence with direct and non-destructive tests, obtained exactly at it, for detailed process chart and definite product type, however the tests have long since been performed after development of the Standard displayed that process gives way to unification. 

Graded index stmctures allow greater control over fibre characteristics. In these stmctures, the core has a variable... 

Chakactkrisation of Unsaturatkd Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Unlike the saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid and exhibit characteristic reactions with dUute potassium permanganate solution and with bromine. Nevertheless, no satisfactory derivatives have yet been developed for these hydrocarbons, and their characterisation must therefore be based upon a determination of their physical properties (boiling point, density and refractive index). The physical properties of a number of selected unsaturated hydrocarbons are collected in Table 111,11. 

Solvents exert their influence on organic reactions through a complicated mixture of all possible types of noncovalent interactions. Chemists have tried to unravel this entanglement and, ideally, want to assess the relative importance of all interactions separately. In a typical approach, a property of a reaction (e.g. its rate or selectivity) is measured in a laige number of different solvents. All these solvents have unique characteristics, quantified by their physical properties (i.e. refractive index, dielectric constant) or empirical parameters (e.g. ET(30)-value, AN). Linear correlations between a reaction property and one or more of these solvent properties (Linear Free Energy Relationships - LFER) reveal which noncovalent interactions are of major importance. The major drawback of this approach lies in the fact that the solvent parameters are often not independent. Alternatively, theoretical models and computer simulations can provide valuable information. Both methods have been applied successfully in studies of the solvent effects on Diels-Alder reactions. 

Attenuated total reflection, on which atr—ftir is based, occurs when the rarer medium is absorbing and is characterized by a complex refractive index (40). The absorbing characteristics of this medium allow coupling to the evanescent field such that this field is attenuated to an extent dependent on k. The critical angle in the case of attenuated total reflection loses its meaning, but internal reflection still occurs. Thus, if the internally reflected beam is monitored, its intensity will reflect the loss associated with the internal reflection process at the interface with an absorbing medium. 

Many grades of acetal resins are Hsted in Underwriters Eaboratories (UL) Kecogni d Component Directory. UL assigns temperature index ratings indicating expected continuous-use retention of mechanical and electrical properties. UL also classifies materials on the basis of flammability characteristics homopolymer and copolymer are both classified 94HB. 

Optical. The optical properties of fillers and the influence that fillers have on the optical properties of filled systems are often misunderstood. The key parameters in understanding the optical properties of fillers themselves are filler psd, color, and index of refraction. These characteristics influence the optical properties of filled composition, such as color, brightness, opacity, hiding power, and gloss. 

Whereas there is no universally accepted specification for marketed natural gas, standards addressed in the United States are Hsted in Table 6 (8). In addition to these specifications, the combustion behavior of natural gases is frequently characteri2ed by several parameters that aid in assessing the influence of compositional variations on the performance of a gas burner or burner configuration. The parameters of flash-back and blow-off limits help to define the operational limits of a burner with respect to flow rates. The yeUow-tip index helps to define the conditions under which components of the natural gas do not undergo complete combustion, and the characteristic blue flame of natural gas burners begins to show yellow at the flame tip. These... 

Antiwear premium hydrauHc fluids represent the largest volume of hydrauHc fluids used. Shortly after their introduction in 1960, a second product group was formulated, characterized by the same antiwear characteristics but having lower pour points and higher viscosity indexes. These were formulated for use in mobile and marine appHcations subject to temperature extremes. 

Fig. 23. Correlation between properties (general characteristics), melt flow index (MFI), and mol wt for standard BPA polycarbonate and CD-modified...

---