Ceramic ion conductive membranes

B.C.H. Steele. Dense Ceramic ion conducting membranes in Oxygen ion and mixed conductors and their technological applications, (1997) Erice, Italy Kluwer. 

Electrolysis of water — This is a process of electrochemical decomposition of water into -> hydrogen and -> oxygen. Apart from alkaline electrolyzers using 25% KOH solution [i], devices with polymer, or ceramic ion-conducting -> membranes have been developed for industrial applications [ii]. 

Dense ceramic ion-conducting membranes (CICMs) are emerging as an important class of inorganic membranes based on fluorite- or perovskite-derived crystalline structures [18]. Most of the ion-conducting ceramics discovered to date exhibit a selective ionic oxygen transport at high temperatures >700°C. Ionic transport in these membranes is based on the following successive mechanisms [25] ... 

Ismail AF and David LIB. A review on the latest development of carbon membranes for gas separation. J. Membr. Sci. 2001 193 1-18. Kilner JA, Benson S, Lane J, and Waller D. Ceramic ion conductive membranes for oxygen separation. Chem. Ind. 1997 17 November 907-911. 

Steele B. Ceramic ion conducting membranes and their technological application. C.R. Acad. Set (Paris) 1998 Parti, Series IIc 533M-3. 

B. Steele, Ceramic ion conducting membranes and their technological applications, Comptes Rendus de I Academie des Sciences, Serie lie Chimie 1998, v. 1, N 9, p. 533-543. 

Kilner J, Benson S, Lane J, and Waller D. Ceramic ion conductive membranes for oxygen separation. Chem. Ind. 1997 17 907-911. 

Steele BCH (1996) Ceramic ion conducting membranes. Curr Opin Solid St M 1 684-691. doi 10.1016/S1359-0286(96)80052-0... 

Guizard C., Levy C., Dalmazio L., Julbe A. Preferential oxygen transport in nanophase mesoporous ceramic ion conducting membranes. MRS. Symp. Proc. 2003 752 131-142 Hamakawa S., Hayakawa T., Suzuki K., Murata K., Takehira K. Methane conversion with an electrochemical membrane reactor. In Proceeding of ICIM 5 (Inorganic Membranes), Nagoya, Japan. Nakao S., ed., 1998, pp. 350-353... 

Kawasaki T, Tokuhiro M., Kimizuka N., Kunitake T. Hierarchical self-assembly of chiral complementary hydrogen-bond networks in water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001 123 6792-6800 Kharton V.V., Marques F.M.B. Mixed ionic-electronic conductors effects of ceramic microstructure on transport properties. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2002 6(3) 261-269 Kikkinides E.S., Stoitsas K.A., Zaspalis V.T. Correlation of structural and permeation properties in sol-gel-made nanoporous membranes. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2003 259 322-330 Kilner J., Benson S., Lane J., Waller D. Ceramic ion conducting membranes for oxygen separation. Chem. Ind. November 1997 907-911... 

Schrotter I.C., Smaihi M., Guizard C. Polyimide-siloxane hybrid materials influence of coupling agent addition on microstructure and properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1996 61 2137-2149 Soler-Dlia G.I., de A.A., Crepaldi E.L., Grosso D., Sanchez C. Block copolymer-templated meso-porous oxides. Cnrr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 2003 8(1) 109-126 Steele B. Ceramic Ion Conducting Membranes and Their Technological Apphcation. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 1998, Series lie. Title 1, pp. 533-543... 

Organic polymeric and ceramic ion conducting materials can be used in formulating membranes for some specialty gas separation application. The most important of these are solid oxides and proton exchange types (Fig. 7E and 7F). 

There are essentially four different types of membranes, or semipermeable barriers, which have either been commercialized for hydrogen separations or are being proposed for development and commercialization. They are polymeric membranes, porous (ceramic, carbon, metal) membranes, dense metal membranes, and ion-conductive membranes (see Table 8.1). Of these, only the polymeric membranes have seen significant commercialization, although dense metal membranes have been used for commercial applications in selected niche markets. Commercial polymeric membranes may be further classified as either asymmetric (a single polymer composition in which the thin, dense permselective layer covers a porous, but thick, layer) or composite (a thick, porous layer covered by a thin, dense permselective layer composed of a different polymer composition).2... 

Porous membranes, especially ceramic and carbon compositions, are the focus of intense development efforts. Perhaps, the least studied of the group, at least for hydrogen separations, are the ion-conducting membranes (despite the fact that many fuel cells incorporate a proton-conducting membrane as the electrolyte), and this class of membranes will not be discussed further in this chapter. 

Ceramic membranes find a few niche applications. First demonstration ion-conducting membrane plant installed ( )... 

Atkinson, A. and Ramos, T.M.G.M. (2000) Chemically-induced stresses in ceramic oxygen ion-conducting membranes. Solid State Ionics, 129, 259-269. 

Yoon el al. [112] reported an all-solid-state sensor for blood analysis. The sensor consists of a set of ion-selective membranes for the measurement of H+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Cl. The metal electrodes were patterned on a ceramic substrate and covered with a layer of solvent-processible polyurethane (PU) membrane. However, the pH measurement was reported to suffer severe unstable drift due to the permeation of water vapor and carbon dioxide through the membrane to the membrane-electrode interface. For conducting polymer-modified electrodes, the adhesion of conducting polymer to the membrane has been improved by introducing an adhesion layer. For example, polypyrrole (PPy) to membrane adhesion is improved by using an adhesion layer, such as Nafion [60] or a composite of PPy and Nafion [117],... 

Figure 13.21 Use of ion-conducting ceramic membranes in a membrane reactor to produce (a) syngas (CO + H2) and (b) ethylene...

The quantity of ambipolar conductivity is widely used for the analysis of -> electrolytic permeability of -> solid electrolytes, caused by the presence of electronic conductivity. Other important cases include transient behavior of electrochemical cells and ion-conducting solids, dense ceramic membranes for gas separation, reduction/ oxidation of metals, and kinetic demixing phenomena [iv]. In most practical cases, however, the ambipo-... 

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