Ceramic ion-conducting

B.C.H. Steele. Dense Ceramic ion conducting membranes in Oxygen ion and mixed conductors and their technological applications, (1997) Erice, Italy Kluwer. 

Organic polymeric and ceramic ion conducting materials can be used in formulating membranes for some specialty gas separation application. The most important of these are solid oxides and proton exchange types (Fig. 7E and 7F). 

Electrolysis of water — This is a process of electrochemical decomposition of water into -> hydrogen and -> oxygen. Apart from alkaline electrolyzers using 25% KOH solution [i], devices with polymer, or ceramic ion-conducting -> membranes have been developed for industrial applications [ii]. 

Dense ceramic ion-conducting membranes (CICMs) are emerging as an important class of inorganic membranes based on fluorite- or perovskite-derived crystalline structures [18]. Most of the ion-conducting ceramics discovered to date exhibit a selective ionic oxygen transport at high temperatures >700°C. Ionic transport in these membranes is based on the following successive mechanisms [25] ... 

Ismail AF and David LIB. A review on the latest development of carbon membranes for gas separation. J. Membr. Sci. 2001 193 1-18. Kilner JA, Benson S, Lane J, and Waller D. Ceramic ion conductive membranes for oxygen separation. Chem. Ind. 1997 17 November 907-911. 

Steele B. Ceramic ion conducting membranes and their technological application. C.R. Acad. Set (Paris) 1998 Parti, Series IIc 533M-3. 

B. Steele, Ceramic ion conducting membranes and their technological applications, Comptes Rendus de I Academie des Sciences, Serie lie Chimie 1998, v. 1, N 9, p. 533-543. 

Kilner J, Benson S, Lane J, and Waller D. Ceramic ion conductive membranes for oxygen separation. Chem. Ind. 1997 17 907-911. 

Steele BCH (1996) Ceramic ion conducting membranes. Curr Opin Solid St M 1 684-691. doi 10.1016/S1359-0286(96)80052-0... 

Guizard C., Levy C., Dalmazio L., Julbe A. Preferential oxygen transport in nanophase mesoporous ceramic ion conducting membranes. MRS. Symp. Proc. 2003 752 131-142 Hamakawa S., Hayakawa T., Suzuki K., Murata K., Takehira K. Methane conversion with an electrochemical membrane reactor. In Proceeding of ICIM 5 (Inorganic Membranes), Nagoya, Japan. Nakao S., ed., 1998, pp. 350-353... 

Kawasaki T, Tokuhiro M., Kimizuka N., Kunitake T. Hierarchical self-assembly of chiral complementary hydrogen-bond networks in water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001 123 6792-6800 Kharton V.V., Marques F.M.B. Mixed ionic-electronic conductors effects of ceramic microstructure on transport properties. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2002 6(3) 261-269 Kikkinides E.S., Stoitsas K.A., Zaspalis V.T. Correlation of structural and permeation properties in sol-gel-made nanoporous membranes. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2003 259 322-330 Kilner J., Benson S., Lane J., Waller D. Ceramic ion conducting membranes for oxygen separation. Chem. Ind. November 1997 907-911... 

Schrotter I.C., Smaihi M., Guizard C. Polyimide-siloxane hybrid materials influence of coupling agent addition on microstructure and properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1996 61 2137-2149 Soler-Dlia G.I., de A.A., Crepaldi E.L., Grosso D., Sanchez C. Block copolymer-templated meso-porous oxides. Cnrr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 2003 8(1) 109-126 Steele B. Ceramic Ion Conducting Membranes and Their Technological Apphcation. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 1998, Series lie. Title 1, pp. 533-543... 

Addition of both ion-conducting and inert ceramics enhances the conductivity of a polymer electrolyte. This increase is attributed to an increase in volume fraction of the amorphous phase [133-136]. No... 

The co-precipitation technique starts with an aqueous solution of nitrates, carbonates, chlorides, oxychlorides, etc., which is added to a pH-controlled solution of NH4OH, allowing the hydroxides to precipitate immediately. This method requires water-soluble precursors and insoluble hydroxides as a final product. The hydroxides are filtered and rinsed with water when chlorides are employed as starting materials and chlorine is not desired in the final product. After drying the filtrate, it is calcined and sintered. This method is being applied very successfully for oxygen-ion conducting zirconia ceramics [30],... 

Other ceramic ion conductors similar to /3-alumina were introduced by Goodenough et al in 1976 they belong to the so-called Nasicon family. Nasicon is a solid solution of the composition Na3Zr2Si2P012, exhibiting a Na+ conductivity of 0.2 S/cm at 300°C. Numerous Nasicon derivatives,... 

Solid-oxide fuel cell Ion-conducting ceramic (yttrium stabilised zircon oxide) O2- (oxide) 800-1000... 

A broader, more generie name for fuel eells operating at the temperatures described in this seetion would be "ceramie" fuel eells. The electrolyte of these eells is made primarily from solid ceramie material to smvive the high temperature environment. The eleetrolyte of present SOFCs is oxygen ion conducting. Ceramic cells eould also be proton eonducting. 

Ion-Conducting Ceramics and Glasses. In addition to the conduction of charge via electrons, charge can be conducted via ions. Ions are present in most crystalline ceramic materials such as oxides and halides. This process is termed ionic conduction and may occur either in conjunction with or separately from electronic conduction. As a result, we must expand our definition of conductivity to include both types of conduction ... 

Figure 13.21 Use of ion-conducting ceramic membranes in a membrane reactor to produce (a) syngas (CO + H2) and (b) ethylene...

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