Cellulose esters and ethers

Of somewhat greater technical interest are the addition compounds and the cellulose esters and ethers. Of the apparent addition compounds the most important is alkali cellulose produced by steeping cellulose in caustic soda and considered to be of general form (CgHioOs), (NaOH) ) rather than a sodium alcoholate compound. Alkali cellulose is a particularly important starting point in the manufacture of cellulose ethers. The ability of aqueous cuprammonium hydroxide solutions to dissolve cellulose appears to be dependent on addition compound formation. 

Benzaldehyde has limited uses as a chemical intermediate. It is used as a solvent for oils, resins, cellulose esters, and ethers. It is also used in flavoring compounds and in synthetic perfumes. 

Uses Plasticizer for cellulose esters and ethers manufacture of plastics, cymene, incense, celluloid in lacquers, explosives, and embalming fluids pyrotechnics moth repellent preservative in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics odorant/flavorant in household, pharmaceutical, and industrial products tooth powders. 

Uses Solvent for paints, tin coatings, agricultural chemicals, and synthetic resins excellent solvent for vinyl resins, cellulose esters, and ethers pesticides storing lacquers pesticide manufacturing intermediate in the manufacture of 3,5-xylenol, 2,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, and 3,5-dimethylaniline. 

Epichlorohydrin is a major raw material for epoxy and phenoxy resins, and is used in the manufacture of glycerine, in curing propylene-based rubbers, as a solvent for cellulose esters and ethers, and in resins with high wet-strength for the paper industry (Lewis, 1993). 

Cellulose constitutes a ubiquitous and renewable natural material that has great potential for chemical conversion into high-quality adhesive products. The resurrection of research and development of cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose esters and ethers, cellulose graft-copolymers, and cellulose polyblends, has instituted new avenues for adhesive applications. There is little doubt that new solvent systems for cellulose have created the potential of developing uniform cellulose products with superior properties for adhesive applications. 

Table 2 Commercially Available Important Cellulose Esters and Ethers...

Table L Length of the Kuhn segment A and chain diameter d for cellulose esters and ethers according to the data of sedimentation - diffusion studies and viscometry... 

Chlorobutanol is primarily used in ophthalmic or parenteral dosage forms as an antimicrobial preservative at concentrations up to 0.5% w/v see Section 10. It is commonly used as an antibacterial agent for epinephrine solutions, posterior pituitary extract solutions, and ophthalmic preparations intended for the treatment of miosis. It is especially useful as an antibacterial agent in nonaqueous formulations. Chlorobutanol is also used as a preservative in cosmetics [see Section 16) as a plasticizer for cellulose esters and ethers and has been used therapeutically as a mild sedative and local analgesic. 

Use Solvent, especially for cellulose esters and ethers organic synthesis fumigant for fruits and vegetables. 

Use Plasticizer for cellulose esters and ethers, preservative for biological fluids and solutions, antimicrobial agent, anesthetic in dentistry. 

Use Solvent and plasticizer for cellulose esters and ethers, elastomers, lubricant rubberized fabrics lacquers dopes transfer inks. 

Use Solvent for cellulose esters and ethers, resins, lacquers, printing inks perfume fixative nondiscoloring plasticizer for ethyl and benzyl cellulose. 

Use Solvent for cellulose esters and ethers and for lacquers, antioxidant for lubricants, blending agent for special textile soaps and detergents. 

Use Organic synthesis and chemical intermediate solvent for waxes, vegetable oils, natural and synthetic resins, cellulose esters and ethers polishing compositions brake fluids solvent degreasing antiseptic. 

Use Solvent for hydrocarbon materials, mutual solvent for resins and cellulose esters and ethers, perfumes, soaps, disinfectant, antioxidant, flavoring agent. 

Properties Water-white liquid pleasant odor. D 0.8165 (20/20C), bulk d 6.8 lb/gal, fp -75C, bp 211-219C, viscosity 1.91 cP (20C), flash p 195F (90.5C) (COC). High solvent power for vinyl resins, the cellulose esters and ethers and many difficultly soluble substances insoluble in water. Combustible. 

Cellulose esters and ethers of various types and viscosities are characterized by their degree of substitution (DS), i.e. the average number of substituted hydroxyl groups (the maximum value is 3, see also Table 3). Furthermore, ethers or ether esters with hydroxyalkyl groups attached are characterized by the degree of reaction (DR), also frequently named molar substitution (MS), i.e. the average number of molecules of reagent (alkylene oxide) reacted with each... 

Use Solvent for natural and synthetic resins, gums, cellulose esters and ethers, paints, varnishes, nail enamels and lacquers, cement for Celluloid. 

USE Solvent for fats, waxes, resins, oils, rubber, paints, and varnishes. Solvent for cellulose esters and ethers. Used for solvent extraction in many industries. In degreasing, in dry cleaning. In the manuf of organic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, such as chloroacetic acid. 

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