Mercury cell culture

Treatment of cell cultures containing both neuronal and glial cells derived from fetal rat brain with low concentrations of both organic and inorganic mercury compounds leads to cell death. In cell cultures derived from a more mature fetal stage, the organic form of mercury was more toxic and showed specific neuronal toxicity. Below the cytotoxic concentration of mercury (>lpmoll ), pronounced gliosis was... 

PLLA Nonwoven scaffold TE SEM, mercury porosimeter, AFM, contact angle test, in vitro neural stem cell culture (Yang et al. 2004)... 

The photocleavage reaction proceeds in the cell culturing environments in response to near-UV light at 365 nm. We can use a mercury arc lamp as a light source equipped on standard fluorescence microscopes. Although it depends on the magnification of the... 

Aleo MD,Taub ME, and Kostyniak PJ. Primary cultures of rabbit renal proximal tubule cells. III. Comparative cytotoxicity of inorganic and organic mercury. Toxicol AppI Pharmacol 112 310-317,1992. 

Duncan-Achanzar KB, Jones JT, Burke ME, Carter DE, and Eaird ElEn. Inorganic mercury chloride-induced apoptosis in the cultured porcine renal cell line EEC-PK1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 277 1726-1732,1996. 

In vitro exposure of primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells to methylmercury resulted in a time-and concentration-dependent cell death. Some in vitro models have shown that organic mercury may interfere with the bacteriocidal capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 

Williams MV, Winters T, Waddel KS. 1987. In vivo effects of mercury (II) on deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, DNA polymerase (alpha, beta), and uracil-DNA glycosylase activities in cultured human cells Relationship to DNA damage, DNA repair, and cytotoxicity. Mol Pharmacol 31 200-207. 

Our laboratory was the first to demonstrate the ability of thimerosal to potently inhibit methionine synthase activity in cultured human neuronal cells (Waly et al., 2004). Subsequent research has shown that inhibition results from a reduction in GSH levels and impaired methylcobalamin synthesis, under conditions where methionine synthase activity is absolutely dependent upon methylcobalamin (M. Waly, unpublished observation). The fact that autistic subjects exhibit lower GSH levels and lower methionine synthase activity lends credence to the mercury... 

Alexander, J., Hostmark, A. T., Forre, 0., and von Kraemer Bryn, M., 1979, The influence of selenium on methyl mercury toxicity in rat hepatoma cells, human embryonic fibroblasts and human lymphocytes in culture, Acta pharmacol. et toxicol. 45 379. 

Smith JB, Dwyer SD, Smith L (1989) Cadmium evokes inositol polyphosphate formation and calcium mobilization. J Biol Chem 264 7115-7118 Smith MW, Phelps PC, Trump BF (1991) Cytosolic Ca " deregulation and blebbing after HgCl2 injury to cultured rabbit proximal tubule cells as determined by digital imaging microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 4926-4930 Smith RM, Martell AE (1976) Critical stability constants. Plenum, New York Stirling CE (1975) Mercurial perturbation of brush border membrane permeability in rabbit ileum. J Membr Biol 23 33-56... 

A reduction in the toxicity of certain metal ions such as cadmium and mercury following induction of MT in animals has long been recognized (PiscATOR 1964). Resistance to metals has also been demonstrated in cultured cells with elevated levels of MT (Rugstard and Norseth 1975). In an earlier review, Webb (1987) discussed these effects, which were demonstrated repeatedly in various systems under different experimental conditions. However, it should be pointed out that some of these observed effects are applicable only to certain experimental conditions and may not be relevant to normal physiological conditions. 

The intracellular localization of stress proteins is problematic for the evaluation of the response in humans. Because the cells for the assay of stress proteins are not readily available through noninvasive procedures, the application of this response to human monitoring is limited. Recently, however, enhanced synthesis of stress proteins was demonstrated in primary cultures of human lymphocytes exposed to several metals (Yamada and Koizumi 1993). The specificity of the response was dependent on the metal to which the cultures were exposed. For example, cadmium and zinc induced both hsp70 and MT, while cobalt and triphenyltin induced only hsp70. Conversely, copper, mercury, nickel, and silver all induced synthesis of MT, but not of hsp70. Enhanced synthesis of stress proteins has also been demonstrated in vivo in lymphocytes and spleen cells excised from mice exposed to hyperthermia (Rodenhiser et al. 1985). 

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