Cell culture fungi

Dichloromethane induced DNA single-strand breaks in mammalian cell cultures, but inconclusive or negative effects were reported for induction of gene mutations. It did not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis either in vivo in rodents or in human fibroblast cultures. It was genotoxic in fungi but not in Drosophila in the sex-linked recessive lethal assay. 

There are many different ways to produce bioflavours plant tissue and cell cultures can be used, microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi and algae can produce flavours de novo and through bioconversions, and enzymes can be applied. 

There are several approaches that can be taken to supply material for pharmaceutical evaluation. Two of these, invertebrate cell culture and fermentation of associated microorganisms, begin with determining the biogenetic origin of the compound. There are numerous reports of metabolite localization, primarily in sponges, in which production of a bioactive metabolite has been inferred or demonstrated to be localized either in a host invertebrate cell or in microbial associates which include cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria and fungi.72-73... 

Another factor to be taken into account when using animal serum is the potential risk for human health, due to the possible presence of adventitious agents, such as virus and proteins as prions. In addition, serum can contain contaminants such as bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasmas (small bacteria without cellular walls), which can negatively affect cell culture. 

Viral particle production from cell cultures has several differences from other bioprocesses. The production of molecules like enzymes, toxins, or other proteins synthesized by bacteria, fungi or animals, depend upon culture parameters, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, or nutrients. Product formation may occur through secondary metabolic pathways, which are not related to the development or growth of the cell. In these situations, research and technological development must be directed to the specific cell and this involves the improvement of the cell as a better molecular production unit. So, there is a direct relation between nutrient conversion, cell growth, and the expected improvement of the final productivity. 

PROCEDURE DETECTION OF BACTERIA AND FUNGI IN CELL CULTURES... 

In the event of cell cultures becoming contaminated with bacteria, fungi or mycoplasmas, the best course of action is to discard the culture, check cell culture reagents for contamination, thoroughly disinfect all safety cabinets and work surfaces and resuscitate a fresh culture from previously frozen stock. In the case of contamination with a spore-forming organism, and where such facilities exist, room fumigation may also be advisable. 

We have evaluated Candida lipolvtica and Candida maltosa as to the utility of using red or near-infrared absorbing aryl dyes to decrease separation requirements in environmental analyses. These, as well as other bacteria and fungi, are well documented as degraders of hydrocarbons and PAHs in marine environments. First aryl dyes were introduced into cell cultures to study the recovery and mass balance of the systems. These measurements may be conducted easily since very little or no separation is required due to significantly decreased spectral interference. Before we can fully utilize aryl dyes as PAH analogues, however, several important points need to be addressed. Further studies are needed to determine the biotic and abiotic degradation routes of these aryl dyes. These studies are presently under way in our laboratory. 

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