Celanese Fibers

Finally, an interesting trend in supply-chain management is improving business practices by providing capabilities to improve service for customers. One such concept is capability to promise. The idea is not just to ensure that the product is available, but that the supply chain is capable of delivering the product. This involves, for instance, capability to rapidly change the schedule to accommodate the customer order and interact with the active plant schedule. Such a system was developed at Celanese Fibers, which is integrated with a Customer Order System and enabled via a Web browser. 

Fig. 12.10. Process vessel for acetylation of cellulose. (Courtesy Celanese Fibers Co.)...

Celanese Fibers Marketing Company Analysis of total organic volatiles in cigarette smoke Celanese Fibers Marketing Company Bulletin No. 57 (July 1965) pp. 

Celanese Fibers Marketing Company Chemical and biological properties of Cytrel smoking products Celanese Fibers Marketing Company, Product Bulletin (April 1974). 

Griskey, R.G., Celanese Fibers Corp., unpublished data. 

While not comprehensive, the above PBI features provide a large list of possibly useful performance benefits that could span many new markets. To provide focus, applications of readily accessible forms of PBI were considered first. FIGURE 7 provides a materials view of the Celanese fiber process that was outlined in FIGURE 4. And, while the plant was designed to produce crimped cut staple for textile applications, any of the boxed items could be accessed, some more easily than others. 

Poly(ethylene terephthalate), the predominant commercial polyester, has been sold under trademark names including Dacron (Du Pont), Terylene (ICI), Eortrel (Wellman), Trevira (Hoechst-Celanese), and others (17). Other commercially produced homopolyester textile fiber compositions iaclude p oly (1,4-cyc1 oh exa n e- dim ethyl en e terephthalate) [24936-69-4] (Kodel II, Eastman), poly(butylene terephthalate) [26062-94-2] (PBT) (Trevira, Hoechst-Celanese), and poly(ethylene 4-oxyben2oate) [25248-22-0] (A-Tell, Unitika). Other polyester homopolymer fibers available for specialty uses iaclude polyglycoHde [26124-68-5] polypivalolactone [24937-51-7] and polylactide [26100-51-6],... 

In the late 1980s, new fully aromatic polyester fibers were iatroduced for use ia composites and stmctural materials (18,19). In general, these materials are thermotropic Hquid crystal polymers that are melt-processible to give fibers with tensile properties and temperature resistance considerably higher than conventional polyester textile fibers. Vectran (Hoechst-Celanese and Kuraray) is a thermotropic Hquid crystal aromatic copolyester fiber composed of -hydroxyben2oic acid [99-96-7] and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. Other fully aromatic polyester fiber composites have been iatroduced under various tradenames (19). 

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Fibers. Poly(2,2 -(y -phenylene)-5,5 -bisbenzimidazole) [25734-65-0] is a textile fiber marketed by Hoechst-Celanese (11) which does not form Hquid crystalline solutions due to its bent meta backbone monomeric component. PBI has exceUent resistance to high temperature and chemicals. 

Dictionay of Fiber Textile Technology, Hoechst Celanese Corp., Chadotte, N.C., IZ 503. 

The appearance of synthetic fibers in the 1920s accelerated the further development of anthraquinone dyes. Soon after British Celanese succeeded in commerciali2ing cellulose acetate fiber in 1921, anthraquinone disperse dyes for this fiber were invented by Stepherdson (British Dyestuffs Corp.) and Celatenes (Scottish Dyes) independendy. Anthraquinone disperse dyes for polyester fiber were developed after the introduction of this fiber by ICI and Du Pont in 1952. These dyes were improved products of the disperse dyes that had been developed for cellulose acetate fiber 30 years before. 

Liquicel A liquid-liquid extraction process in which the two liquids are separated by a permeable membrane in the form of hollow plastic fibers. Developed by Hoechst Celanese Corporation. 

Other US companies chose to await expiration of the Whinfield and Dickson patent before entering the market. One of the earliest to become involved was Celanese Corporation, whose joint venture with ICI, named Fiber Industries Inc. (FII Fortrel), began construction of its first PET plant in 1959. Beaunit (Vycron) was also an early entrant, initially with a copolymer fibre that was arguably not covered by the basic patent, using polymer from Goodyear. 

The basic cellulose unit contains three hydroxyl groups. The triester cellulose triacetate forms when cellulose is reacted with glacial acetic acid. Hydrolysis removes some of the acetate groups to form a secondary ester, which averages about 2.4 acetyl groups per unit rather than three. The secondary ester is then dissolved in acetone and the solution ejected through a spinneret to form fibers. Cellulose acetate processed in this manner is referred to as acetate rayon, but it may be more commonly known by its trade name Celanese. 

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