Fungi disease-causing

A fungus is a colorless plant that lacks chlorophyll. Fungi that cause disease in humans may be yeastlike or moldlike the resulting infections are called mycotic infections or fungal infections. 

There are known to be about 30,000 disease-causing agents (fungi, viruses, nematodes, bacteria) in 3,000 types of cultivated plants. More than 10,000 species of arthropods (insects, ticks, arachnids) affect agricultural plants and animals. Along with agriculture, pesticides are also widely used in forestry and fisheries, in energy and railroads (to clear plants), in construction (to protect wood structures), etc. 

The pathway of exposure (e.g., inhalation, lacerations) can also cause a significant change in the incubation time required as well as the clinical presentation of the disease. Diseases caused by fungi are not communicable and cannot be transferred directly from an infected individual to anyone else. 

Until 2002, C. posadasii was believed to be a non-California variant of C. immitis. The two species can only be distinguished by genetic analysis and by the fact that C. posadasii grows more slowly in the presence of high salt concentrations. There is no apparent difference in pathogenicity between the two species. For more information on coccidioidomycosis, the disease caused by these two fungi, see C. immitis (C20-A002). 

Insects and diseases caused by fungi and bacteria bring about widespread losses in banana culture by reducing production, depreciating market value of the fruit, and even destroying the industry. Thousands of tons of fungicides and hundreds of tons of insecticides are required yearly to control banana pests. New pesticides, better formulations, and improvement of existing pesticides are needed. Specific banana pests and the possibility of their control are discussed. 

Fruiting bodies Most fungi that cause disease are so small that they go unnoticed, apart from their symptoms. Honey fungus, with its distinctive honey-colored toadstools, is an exception. 

Disease caused by a range of related fungi that attack specific plants, or groups of plants. These fungi survive in the soil, in crop debris, and on infected plants, not all of which show symptoms. 

Indole-3-acetaldoxime (30) and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime were shown to be metabolized by plant and pest fungi to 32 and to other related indole- and 4-hydroxyphenyl carboxylic acids, however, the biochemical transformation differed between the two fungi. These biochemical transformations may be relevant to the ability of certain fungi to cause plant diseases . Compound 30 has been shown to be a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of camalexin, 3-thiazolyl-2 -yl-indole, a member of the family of phytoalexins that are produced in response to pathogen attack. It was demonstrated that CYP71A13 catalyzes the conversion of 30 to indole-3-acetonitrile, which is essential for the biosynthesis of camalexin. Thus, the literature supplies a large body of evidence for the existence of a set of enzymes dedicated to the production of the auxin, 32, from tryptophan via indole-3-acetaldoxime (30). 

Ku Shen enters the Heart meridian and can treat heat in the Heart the heat is also transported to the Small Intestine. It has the strongest function of clearing damp-heat among these three herbs and it can effectively treat infectious skin diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, scabies and fungi. 

The pharmacologic treatment of parasitic infections is a complex and extensive topic. In this limited space, it is difficult to describe the many species of each parasite, all the diseases caused by parasites, and the chemical methods currently available to selectively destroy various fungi, protozoa, and helminths in humans. Consequently, the general aspects of each type of parasitic infection are reviewed briefly, followed by the primary drugs used to treat specific fungal, protozoal, and helminthic infections. This discussion will acquaint physical therapists and occupational ther-... 

Antimicrobial agents which are used to treat and prevent diseases caused by bacteria and fungi. 

Bruin, G.C.A., and Edgington, L.V. 1983. The chemical control of diseases caused by zoosporic fungi. In Zoosporic plant pathogens. A modern perspective, (ed. S.T. Buczacki). Academic Press, London, 193-233. 

Kui, J. (1983) Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants to Diseases Caused by Fungi and Bacteria. In The Dynamics of Host Defense (editors J.A. Bailey and B.J. Deveerall), Academic Press, Australia. 191-221. 

Yao M., Tweddell R., Desilets H. Effect of two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of micropropagated potato plantlets and on the extent of disease caused by Rhizotonia solani. Mycorrhiza 2002 12 235-242. 

Fungi that cause superficial skin infections are called dermatophytes. Common dermatomycoses, such as tinea infections, are often referred to as ringworm, which is a misnomer, since fungi rather than worms cause the disease. 

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