Amphiphile anionic

Murata, M., Takahashi, S., Kagiwada, S., Suzuki, A. and Ohnishi, S. (1992) pH-dependent membrane fusion and vesiculation of phospholipid large unilamellar vesicles induced by amphiphilic anionic and cationic peptides. 

Faroux-Corlay B, Greiner J, Terreux R, Cabrol-Bass D, Anbertin AM, Vierling P, Fantini J. Amphiphilic anionic analogues of galactosylceramide synthesis, anti-HTV-l activity, and gpl20 binding. J. Med. Chem. 2001 44 2188-2203. 

H. Maeda, Y. Ito, Y. Haketa, N. Eifuku, E. Lee, M. Lee, T. Hashishin, K. Kaneko, Solvent-assisted organized structures based on amphiphilic anion-responsive Jt-conjugated systems. Chem. Eur. J. 15, 3706-3719 (2009)... 

End-linked linear Amphiphilic, anionic GTP in THF MAA CFHPMA), BOMA Aqueous THF DS vs. pH, SANS in D2O, AFM in bulk... 

FIGURE 11.11 Variation of the cmc with the number of C-atoms in the hydrocarbon chain of ionic and nonionic amphiphiles Anionics (sulfates) x anionics (carbonates) a cationics nonionics. 

Typical examples of well-defined amphiphilic anionic block copolymers are PS-PAA and PS-PMAA in the neutralized form (PS-PANa and PS-PMANa) which have been studied extensively over the last years by Tuzar [114,136] and by Eisenberg and co-workers [127, 178] who have also recently reviewed this topic of self-assembly of polyelectrolytes. These copolymers with a PAA or PMAA sequence have been examined in a very wide compositional and molar mass range. At high pH, the (meth)acryhc blocks are ionized resulting in stable micelles with extended shell regions, due to the electrostatic repulsion of the shellforming chains. 

A similar approach for ILs based on an amphiphilic anion and imidazolium cation, [C mim][OT], OT being the l,4-bis(2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate) anion, has been proposed. The use of sodium l,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, AOT, in the formulation of water-in-oil microemulsions is well reported in the literature [106-108]. The incorporation of IL to the formulation of microemulsions has been studied from different points of view (i) AOT-based microemulsions incorporating... 

As alternatives to amphiphilic betaines, a wide range of cationic, anionic, and non-ionic surfactants including environmentally benign sugar soaps have been successfully used as colloidal stabilizers [201]. Electrochemical reduction of the metal salts provides a very clean access to water soluble nanometal colloids [192]. 

Nickel(O) complexes are extremely effective for the dimerization and oligomerization of conjugated dienes [8,9]. Two molecules of 1,3-butadiene readily undergo oxidative cyclization with a Ni(0) metal to form bis-allylnickel species. Palladium(O) complexes also form bis-allylpalladium species of structural similarity (Scheme 2). The bis-allylpalladium complexes show amphiphilic reactivity and serve as an allyl cation equivalent in the presence of appropriate nucleophiles, and also serve as an allyl anion equivalent in the presence of appropriate electrophiles. Characteristically, the bis-allylnickel species is known to date only as a nucleophile toward carbonyl compounds (Eq. 1) [10,11],... 

Trialkylsilyl-protected oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylates, 2- 2- (tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]ethoxy ethyl methacrylate (1), and 2- 2-[2-[(ferf-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy] ethoxy] ethoxy ethyl methacrylate (2) (Scheme 7) were used for the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers by anionic poly-... 

Ordering of a PU film presents some restrictions on the chemical nature of the molecules. The molecules will typically need to be made amphiphilic by attaching either pendant nonpolar (e.g., alkyl) groups to yield a hydrophobic end, or pendant polar (e.g., carboxylic acid) or even ionic (e.g., carboxylate anion) groups to make a hydrophilic end, complicating the synthetic task. Further, the pendant groups may have a cross section that is not well matched with the size of the electroactive... 

Little is known about the structures of these kinetically effective complexes, or even about the aggregates of the amphiphile. Both hydrophobic and coulombic interactions are important because these aggregates are much less effective than micelles at assisting reactions of hydrophilic nucleophilic anions. These observations are consistent with the view that the aggregates are much smaller than micelles. It is probable that the structures and aggregation numbers of these aggregates depend on the nature of the solutes which bind to them and Piszkiewicz (1977) has suggested that such interactions play a role in micellar kinetics. 

Fig. 4. Alignment of amino acid residues surrounding the binding sites of iGluRl-7. Function lock, interdomain hydrogen bond Pkt, amphiphilic or hydrophobic residues bordering the pocket -NH3+, COO, and distal anion bind the respective charged moieties of glutamate Wat, binds to a binding-site water molecule in iGluR2.

Fig. 17. Chemical structures of anionic amphiphile sodium l,2-bis((tetradecyloxy)carbonyl) ethane-1-sulfonate (2Ci4SNa) and poly(ethylenimine)(PEI).

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