Catalytic combustion issue with

Rich catalytic combustion will offer wide opportunities with respect to most of the above issues, including flexible integration in different machines, low-temperature ignition ability, tolerance to fuel concentration and temperature non-uniformities and fuel flexibility. Further, the production of syngas in short contact time catalytic reactors could be exploited in several energy-related applications such as fuel cell and oxy-fuel combustion. 

The public awareness about the impact of human activity on the environment exerts a tremendous pressure on most industrial manufacturers and leads to the development of environmental-oriented catalysis. One of the main issues in this research field is the concern about the abatement of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Here, dilute VOC-containing effluent streams are by far the most prevalent, which makes their non-catalytic combustion an expensive operation since it requires a supplemental fuel supply [1]. The catalytic combustion, however, can be carried out at relatively low temperature with little or no... 

Catalytic combustion is developing into a very promising ultra-low emission technique for reducing thermal-NOx produced in gas turbine systems, it was first proposed by Pfefferle in the seventies [1]. The main research is, and has been, concentrated on methane as the fuel, however a growing interest in enviroiunental issues have forced the research into renewable sources such as biomass to reduce the net emissions of CO2. Waste materials have also became important, however the problem with waste is to get a clean enough product gas for the gas turbine. This calls for a selection between different kinds of wastes like household residues, toxic wastes, etc. Up to now most combustible wastes have been deposited in landfills, but new directives from the European Parliament, EU COM (98) 558, have increased the interest for the use of industrial waste as a fuel. 

Effect of Additives. One of the first attempts to solve the preignition problem by additives was the use of tributyl phosphite, claimed in a patent by Campbell (14) This compound inhibited the catalytic activity of lead compounds in promoting the glowing of carbon. A later patent issued to Withrow claimed that trimethyl phosphate and trimethyl phosphite also are effective as fuel additives in inhibiting surface ignition due to leaded deposits (94). Street, in 1952, ran tests with tricresyl phosphate as an additive in leaded fuel and reported that the phosphorus compound affected the occurrence of lead compounds in the end-gas region of the combustion chamber (80). 

The use of CeOs-based materials in catalysis has attracted considerable attention in recent years, particularly in applications like environmental catalysis, where ceria has shown great potential. This book critically reviews the most recent advances in the field, with the focus on both fundamental and applied issues. The first few chapters cover structural and chemical properties of ceria and related materials, i.e. phase stability, reduction behaviour, synthesis, interaction with probe molecules (CO. O2, NO), and metal-support interaction — all presented from the viewpoint of catalytic applications. The use of computational techniques and ceria surfaces and films for model catalytic studies are also reviewed. The second part of the book provides a critical evaluation of the role of ceria in the most important catalytic processes three-way catalysis, catalytic wet oxidation and fluid catalytic cracking. Other topics include oxidation-combustion catalysts, electrocatalysis and the use of cerium catalysts/additives in diesel soot abatement technology. 

This chapter deals with the specific research and development issues related to the use of a catalyst at temperatures up to 1500 C in a catalytic combustor. A short survey of emission problems related to combustion and strategies for emission reduction is followed by a discussion of catalysis in combustion. Specific aspects of monolith combustion catalysts, such as material problems and combustor design, are then treated briefly. 

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