Catalyst and process development

Control of the multitude of pathways which feed molecules can take is the primary objective of aU catalyst and process developments. The work covered in this chapter focuses primarily on describing the approaches in material and catalysis development which have led to major advances in zeolite application in hydrocarbon conversion. The breaking and formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds constitute the majority of the chemical transformations involved here with the less prevalent, but very important, breaking of carbon bonds with sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen taking place in parallel. 

During the 1980s, catalyst and process developments focused mostly on the formation of polymers with a controlled molecular weight distribution and... 

Challenges and Perspectives in Catalyst and Process Development for Energy-Related Application of Methanol... 

These interpolymers based on ethylene and styrene are an integral part of an exciting new generic class of materials, offering unique opportunities for innovative developments in basic polymer chemistry, catalyst and process development, materials science and engineering and application technology. 

Another well-known slurry (suspension) process was developed by what was then Hoechst in Germany in the mid-1950s. Hoechst was the first licensee to use the catalyst and process developed by Karl Ziegler for producing low pressure... 

The development of the Spheripol process was based on the use of MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts having spherical particle morphology. Further catalyst and process development, including the manufacture and use... 

Haumann M, Riisager A (2008) Hydroformylation in room temperature ionic liquids (RTlLs) catalyst and process developments. Chem Rev 108 1474—1497... 

A suite of tools is necessary to accelerate catalyst and process development. These tools will be used determine key catalyst functions such as ... 

In the kinetic modelling of catalytic reactions, one typically takes into account the presence of many different surface species and many reaction steps. Their relative importance will depend on reaction conditions (conversion, temperature, pressure, etc.) and as a result, it is generally desirable to introduce complete kinetic fundamental descriptions using, for example, the microkinetic treatment [1]. In many cases, such models can be based on detailed molecular information about the elementary steps obtained from, for example, surface science or in situ studies. Such kinetic models may be used as an important tool in catalyst and process development. In recent years, this field has attracted much attention and, for example, we have in our laboratories found the microkinetic treatment very useful for modelling such reactions as ammonia synthesis [2-4], water gas shift and methanol synthesis [5,6,7,8], methane decomposition [9], CO methanation [10,11], and SCR deNO [12,13]. 

Figure 10 shows catalyst life of the early operations and the present operations which are generally set for approximately two years before recharge. The remarkable effect of catalyst and process developments can readily be seen. 

We also explored business interest in the production of 2P and related derivatives. A biologically derived ammonium succinate or succinimide feedstock could compete with 2P and related derivatives produced by petrochemical routes. Key technical highlights in the area of catalyst and process development at PNNL follow. 

UOP has long been working with the MTO catalyst and process development. In June 1995, UOP and Norsk Hydro (now INEOS) built a fluidized bed MTO pilot plant with a capacity of 0.75 t/d methanol feed. In this pilot plant, the reactor-regenerator and product separation system were included (Vora et al., 1997). To further improve the selectivity to ethylene and propylene, UOP combined the UOP/Hydro MTO process with TOTAL S... 

Haumann, M. and Riisager, A., Hydroforntylation in room tenperature ionic liquids (RTILs) Catalyst and process developments, Chem. Rev. 108,1474-1497 (2008). 

L Fan, K Yoshii, S Yan, J Zhou, K Fujimoto. Supercritical-phase process for selective synthesis of wax from syngas catalyst and process development. Catal Today 36 295-304, 1997. 

Concurrent with this rapid advancement in catalyst and process development, the product and application development for SPS was also in... 

Fischer and Tropsch went on to test a nttmber of catalysts based on niekel and cobalt supported on thoria and kieselgithr, which were considered more promising than iron. Their experimental work is a classic example of catalyst and process development that has probably since been followed by many other investigators. 

Haumann, M Riisager, A. (2008). hydroformylation in room temperature ionic hquids (RTILs) catalyst and process developments. Chemical Reviews, 108(4), 1474-1497. 

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