Syngas catalyst

Stable Syngas Catalyst - Sulfur is not a specific poison. 

Low S/C Ratio - Syngas catalyst can operate with very lew steam to carbon ratio, and no externally generated steam is required for the new process route to methanol. 

Some of the conditions of the new process were based on RP s patents but all had to be adjusted to the rougher operation conditions of a commercial plant, to different qualities and purities of commercially available reactants (olefins, syngas, catalyst precursors), to a normal operation of 8760 h y, and to the fine-tuned relationships between, e.g., temperatures, pressures/partial pressures, concentrations of various organic and inorganic components in different phases, mass and heat transfer, and flow conditions of a continuous process [32], The economics of cool-... 

Syngas can be obtained as equilibrium product of reaction (1). The main requirement for a syngas catalyst is therefore to activate methane and oxygen under conditions where the equilibrium composition is favorable, and where the catalyst is not active for total oxidation (reaction 2) or coke formation. 

L Fan, K Yoshii, S Yan, J Zhou, K Fujimoto. Supercritical-phase process for selective synthesis of wax from syngas catalyst and process development. Catal Today 36 295-304, 1997. 

Oxalic acid produced from syngas can be esteiified (eq. 20) and reduced with hydrogen to form ethylene glycol with recovery of the esterification alcohol (eq. 21). Hydrogenation requires a copper catalyst giving 100% conversion with selectivities to ethylene glycol of 95% (15). 

C -Chemisty. A great deal of research has been undertaken on the development of PGM catalysts for the manufacture of chemicals and fuels from syngas, a mixture of CO and H2 obtained from coal gasification (see Coal conversion processes). 

Figure 8-5. The Hoechst AG and Rhone Poulenc process for producing butyraldehydes from propene (1) reactor, (2) catalyst separation, (3) stripper (using fresh syngas to strip unreacted propylene to recycle), (4) distillation.

Space Velocity. Most of our experimental data were developed with operation at a wet outlet space velocity of approximately 10,000 vol/vol hour. However, we do have data at space velocities of up to 25,000/hr. The pilot plant will operate at a space velocity of 5,000/hr while processing 1 million scf raw syngas/day. With operation on a once-through basis without recycle and at the indicated space velocities, catalyst volumes are minimum compared with other processes when identical over-design factors are used. 

G. A. White We have done some experimental work on impregnating catalyst with potash, and, in fact, potash has been used in related fields to inhibit carbon formation primarily from hydrocarbons. We find that the mechanism of carbon formation from hydrocarbons is quite different from that from syngas. So an agent that is effective in reducing the formation of carbon from one source can be quite different with that from another source. You have to be a little bit specific in terms of the feed material from which you are trying to prevent carbon formation. 

Whilst the basic process for generation and conversion of syngas is well established, production from biomass poses several challenges. These centre on the co-production of tars and hydrocarbons during the biomass gasification process, which is typically carried out at 800 °C. Recent advances in the production of more robust catalysts and catalytic membrane reactors should overcome many of these challenges. 

To reduce the formation of carbon deposited on the anode side [2], MgO and Ce02 were selected as a modification agent of Ni-YSZ anodic catalyst for the co-generation of syngas and electricity in the SOFC system. It was considered that Ni provides the catalytic activity for the catalytic reforming and electronic conductivity for electrode, and YSZ provides ionic conductivity and a thermal expansion matched with the YSZ electrolyte. 

Bronsted acidity is the principal source of activity with the relative concentration of protonated and non-protonated reactants being dependent upon the nature of the exchangeable cation. Using FeCls - graphite intercalates - formed using a photochemical procedure and subsequently reduced using K/naphthalide - an efficient catalyst for the production of acetylene from syngas has been produced. 

Several other important commercial processes need to be mentioned. They are (not necessarily in the order of importance) the low pressure methanol process, using a copper-containing catalyst which was introduced in 1972 the production of acetic add from methanol over RhI catalysts, which has cornered the market the methanol-to-gasoline processes (MTG) over ZSM-5 zeolite, which opened a new route to gasoline from syngas and ammoxidation of propene over mixed-oxide catalysts. In 1962, catalytic steam reforming for the production of synthesis gas and/or hydrogen over nickel potassium alumina catalysts was commercialized. 

Two conqiletely different behaviors of oxidative transformation of methane, namely the Oxidative Coupling of Methane to C2 Hydrocarbons(OCM) and the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas(POM), were performed and related over the nickel-based catalysts due to different modification and different supports. It is concluded that the acidic property favors keeping the reduced nickel and the reduced nickel is necessary for POM reaction, and the bade property frvors keeping the oxidized nickel and the oxidized mckel is necessary for OCM reaction. POM and OCM reactions proceed at different active sites caused by different... 

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