Castaneum

Blank G, Goswami N, Madrid F, Marquardt R R and Frohlich A A (1995), Evaluation of Trifolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae) excreta on ochratoxin production in stored wheat , J. Stored Products Res., 31, 151-155. 

Wheat flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) Grey weevil (Myllocerus sp.)... 

Ramos-Rodriguez O, Campbell JF, Ramaswamy SB. Efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinemema riobrave against the stored-product insect pests Tribolium castaneum and Plodia interpunctella. Bio Cont. 2007 40 15-21. 

Although nine species of Tribolium are potential pests (Sokoloff, 1974), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (red flour beetle) and T. confusum (Jacquelin du Val) (confused flour beetle) (Tenebrionidae) are the most widespread and economically important species. Adult beetles are reddish-brown in color... 

FIG. 2 Contour map of the spatial distribution of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, pheromone trap captures in a flour mill (J.F. Campbell and R.T. Arbogast, unpublished data). 

An aerosol formulation of the insect growth regulator hydroprene (Gen-trol) was labeled several years ago for use in the United States. There are no research reports with hydroprene aerosol, except for Bell and Edwards (1998), which describe a study conducted in Great Britain. In this study, aerosol applications of hydroprene (Protrol) prevented the development of eggs of the red flour beetle, T. castaneum, the confused flour beetle, T. confusum, and the almond moth, C. cautella, that had been placed in exposed dishes with food media. 

Currently there are few insecticides registered as surface treatments to control stored-product insects. For years the organophosphate insecticide malathion was used as a surface treatment for structural facilities, but stored-product insects throughout the world have developed extensive resistance to malathion (Subramanyam and Hagstrum, 1996). Most of the resistance reports were generated from studies with bulk grains, but in the United States, resistance has been documented for field populations of the red flour beetle, T. castaneum (Herbst), and the confused flour beetle, T. confusum (DuVal), collected from flour mills (Arthur and Zettler, 1991, 1992 Zettler, 1991). Populations of the Indianmeal moth, the almond moth, and the red flour beetle collected from bulk peanuts and empty warehouses were also highly resistant to malathion (Arthur et al., 1988 Halliday et al., 1988). 

Arthur, F.H. and Dowdy, A.K. 2003. Impact of high temperatures on efficacy of cyfluthrin and hydroprene applied to concrete to control Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). J. Stored Prod. Res. 39,193-204. Arthur, F.H. and Gillenwater, H.B. 1990. Evaluation of esfenvalerate aerosol for control of stored product insect pests. J. Entomol. Sci. 25, 261-267. 

Arthur, F.H. and Zettler, J.L. 1991. Malation resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera tenebrionidae) Differences between discriminating concentrations by topical applications and residual mortality on treated surfaces. J. Econ. Entomol. 84, 721-726. 

Campbell, J.F. and Hagstrum, D.W. 2002. Patch exploitation by Tribolium castaneum Movement patterns, distribution, and oviposition. J. Stored Prod. Res. 38, 55-68. 

Campbell, J.F. and Runnion, C. 2003. Patch exploitation by female red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum. J. Insect Sci. 3, 20. http //www.insectscience.Org/3.20... 

Dowdy, A.K. 1999. Mortality of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae) exposed to high temperature and diatomaceous earth combination. J. Stored Prod. Res. 35, 175-182. 

Hagstrum, D.W. and Gilbert, E.E. 1976. Emigration rate and age structure dynamics of Tribolium castaneum populations during growth phase of a colonization episode. Environ. Entomol. 5, 445-448. 

Khan, A.R. and Selman, B J. 1984. Effect of insecticide, microsporidian, and insecticide-microspor-idian doses on the growth of Tribolium castaneum larvae. J. Inveriebr. Pathol. 44, 230-232. 

Mullen, M.A. 1992. Development of a pheromone trap for monitoring Tribolium castaneum. J. Stored... 

Phillips, T.W., Jiang, X.-L., Burkholder, W.E., Phillips, J.K., and Tran, H.Q. 1993. Behavioral responses to food volatiles by two species of stored-product Coleoptera, Sitophilus oryzae (Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Tenebrionidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 19, 723-734. 

Rabindra, R.J., Jayaraj, S., and Balasubramanian, M. 1988. Farinocystis iriholii induced susceptibility to some insecticides in Tribolium castaneum larvae. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 52, 389-392. 

The male-produced sex pheromone of the red flour beetle, Tribolium cas-taneum>has been identified to be (4 ,81 -4,8-dimethyldecanal 164 (tribolure) [320,321]. During bioassays, a mixture of the (4R,8R) and (4.R,8S)-stereoisomers proved to be more active than the pure (4 ,810-enantiomer [322]. The exact enantiomeric composition of the natural product remains as yet unknown. 4,8-Dimethyldecanal was found in other Tribolium species, too [323]. Factors affecting the pheromone production in T castaneum have been described by Hussain et al. [324]. 

In Australian tenebrionid beetles, defensive compounds and their patterns seem to be of only low chemotaxonomic value. However, the aforementioned aromatic compounds are restricted to the genus Tribolium. Abdominal defensive compounds were used as chemosystematic characters in order to construct a phylogenetic tree for the genus Tribolium [330]. The defensive secretion of adults of Tenebrio molitor was shown to contain toluquinone 7 and m-cresol 89 [333]. The quantification of benzoquinones in single individuals of Tribolium castaneum at different days after adult eclosion indicates that the amount of toxic quinone only shows a maximum subsequent to cuticle sclerotization. Obviously, there is a need for an adequate cuticular barrier for self-protection from these defensive compounds [334]. 

In order to determine whether the defensive compounds of hybrids of the two Tribolium- species T.freemani and T. castaneum represent simple mixtures of the parental phenotypes, different glandular samples were compared by GC-MS [335]. Concerning the qualitative and quantitative data of the quinones,... 

The well known aldehyde, 4,8-dimethyldecanal, was shown to be a common pheromone of five Tribolium flour beetle species, 77 castaneum, 77 confusum, 77 freemani, and 77 madens. Two other volatiles were found 1 -pentadecene was shown to be a common semiochemical of flour beetles and 1,6-pentadecadiene was detected in five species, T.audax, 77 brevicomis, 77 destructor, T.freemani and 77 madens ... 

Aedes aegyptl, Trlbollum castaneum, Perlplaneta amerlcana, and Phthormea operculella (165). Two other sesquiterpene lactones, coronopllln and tetraneurln-A (166), and 34 flavones (19 glycosides and 15 aglycones) have been Isolated from Parthenlum species (167) ... 

Blrk and Applebaum (41) have studied the adverse effects of soybean trypsin inhibitors on development and protease activity in Tribolium castaneum. In Sitophilus oryzae, high doses of soybean trypsin inhibitor caused adult mortality (42). The wound-induced accumulation of these inhibitors is discussed by C. A. Ryan elsewhere in this symposium. 

Insects 109 110 entire insect—Acyrthosiphum pisurn 163, Megoura vicia 118, Pieris brassicae 60, Diataraxia oleracea 524, Tribolium castaneum 3560, Phaedon cochleariae 2820, Dysdercus fasciatus 3920, Blatta orientalis 280, B. germanica 1180, Musca do-mestica 1100. Crop fluid of Locusta migratoria 112,500. 

Abdel-Kader M. M., Abdu R. M. and Hussien M. A. (1987) Effect of time of day and temperature on sex pheromone production and perception by the rust-red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Arab GulfJ. Scient. Res. Agric. Biol. Sci. B5, 147-156. 

Hussain A. (1994) Chemical ecology of Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae) factors affecting biology and application of pheromone. PhD thesis. Oregon State University, 118 pp. 

Baker, J.E., Sukkestad, D.R., Woo, S.M. and Nelson, D.R. (1978). Cuticular hydrocarbons of Tribolium castaneum Effect of the food additive tricalcium phosphate. Insect Biochem., 8, 159-167. 

Suzuki, T. (1981). Identification of the aggregation pheromone of flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae). Agric. Biol. Chem., 45, 1357-1363. 

Huang, Y., Lam, S.L. and Ho, S.H. (2000) Bioactivities of essential oil from Elletaria cardamomum (L.) Maton to Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Journal of Stored Products Research 36, 107-11 7. 

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