Poly cardo

MOL Molodtsova, E.D., Pavlova, S.A., Timofeeva, G.I., Vygodskii, Ya.S., Vinogradova, S.V., and Korshak, V.V., Molecular weight characteristics of cardo poly(amido esters) produced by the low temperature polycondensation (Russ.), Vysokomol. Soedin., Ser. A, 16, 2183, 1974. 

Sulfonated cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPES-NH2) [56]... 

Great improvements in the TFC membranes were also experienced by Chen et al. [56] by incorporating water-soluble amine reactants—sulfonated cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPES-NH2)—into an aqueous solution containing MPD. Under optimum preparation conditions, the TFC membranes prepared from SPES-NH2 showed remarkable increase in water permeability (51.2 L/m h) with a slight decrease in salt rejection (97.5% at 2000 ppm NaCl, 2 MPa) compared to membranes prepared without SPES-NH2 (37.4 L/m h and 99%). The improved results are attributed to the incorporation of hydrophilic SPES-NH2 to PAs and/or a higher degree of cross-linking formed in the thin selective layer. In view of the importance of hydrophilicity on TFC membrane performance, a novel amine monomer—3,5-diamino-A-(4-aminophenyl) benzamide (DABA)—with three amino... 

Chen, G., Li, S., Zhang, X., and Zhang, S. 2008. Novel thin-fihn composite membranes with improved water flux from sulfonated cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone) bearing pendant amino groups. Journal of Membrane Science 310 102—109. 

Zhang Q, Gong F, Zhang S, Li S. Novel side-chain-type cardo poly(aryl ether sul-fone) bearing pendant sulfoalkyl groups for proton exchange membranes. J Membr Sci 201 l 367(l-2) 166-73. 

Gao N, Zhang F, Zhang S, Liu J. Novel cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone)s with pendant sulfonated aliphatic side chains for proton exchange membranes. J Membr Sci 2011 372(l-2) 49-56. 

Cardo poly(aryl ether ketone)s with pendent groups Hg, Ng, Og, COg, CH4 239-266 25-100 5 [174]... 

Z. Wang, T. Chen, J. Xu, Gas transport properties of novel cardo poly(aryl ether ketone)s with pendant alkyl groups. Macromolecules 33 (15)(2000)5672-5679. 

N. Gao, S. Zhang, Phenolphthalein-based cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone) preparation and application to separation membranes, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 128 (1) (2013) 1-12. 

C. Camacho-Zuniga, F.A. Ruiz-Trevino, M.G. Zolotukhin, L.F. Del Castillo, J. Guzman, J. Chavez, G. Torres, N.G. Gileva, E.A. Sedova, Gas transport properties of new aromatic cardo poly(aryl ether ketone)s, J. Memb. Sci. 283 (1-2) (2006) 393-398. 

The commercial cardo poly(ether ketones) (PEK-C) were selected by Liu et al. to prepare AEMs by usual three-step postmodilication method (Figure 11.8). The final membranes showed ionic conductivity varied from 1.6 to 5.1 mS/cm over the temperature range of 20°C-60°C. Although its ionic conductivity was quite lower compared with other PEEK-based AEMs, the methanol permeability was less than 10" cm% at 30°C in 4 M methanol solutions. Except this way, Zhang and colleagues successfully introduced benzyl chloromethyl groups to the PEK-C matrix via plasma graft polymerization. This approach enables a well preservation in the structure of... 

FIGURE 11.8 Chemical structure of commercial cardo poly(ether ketone) ionomers. 

They also published their works on novel cardo poly(aryl ether sulfone)-based AEMs containing pendant quaternary ammonium groups on aliphatic side chains by direct polymerization using functionalized monomer (Figure 11.14b). TEM observation revealed that the obtained membranes exhibited a distinct phase-separated morphology comprised interconnect ionic clusters in the size of 1-2 nm. The resulting membranes with lEC of 1.44 mmol/g displayed ionic conductivities varied from 30 to 41 mS/cm at 20°C-60°C. 

Rao, A. H. N. Kim, H.-J. Nam, S. Kim, T.-H., Cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone) block copolymers with pendant imidazolium side chains as novel anion exchange membranes for direct methanol alkaline fuel cell. Polymer 2013, 54(26), 6918-6928. 

Many kinds of AEMs based on quatemized polymers containing a quaternary ammonium group have been developed and tested in ADAFC, such as polyethersulfone cardo (QPES-C) [205], polyetherketone cardo (QPEK-C) [206], poly (phthalazinone ethersulfone ketone) (QPPESK) [207], poly(arylene ethersulfone) (QPAES) [208-210], QPAES cross-linked with tetraphenylolethane glycidyl ether (QPAES/4EP) [210], poly (arylether oxadiazole) (QPAEO) [211], poly styrene-block-poly (e thy lene-ran-butylene)-block-poly styrene (QSEBS) [212], poly(vinyl alcohol) (QPVA) [213], poly(vinyl chloride) (QPVC) [214], and poly (vinylbenzyl chloride) (QPVBC) [215]. The chemical structures of some of these polymers are shown in Fig. 6.13. 

Other polysulfone membranes for DMFC were prepared by sulfonation of commercial polyethersulfone with Cardo group (sPES-C) [473] (Fig. 6.9), by sulfonation of a commercial poysulfone and the use of silica as a filler [474], by "click" cycloaddition of alkyne sulphonate to polysulfone containing azide moieties and crosslinked with 1,7-octadiyne [475], and by polycondensation of 4,4 -difluorodiphenyl sulfone (DFDPS) and l,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene,6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphtha lene sulfonate with bisphenol [476]. Commercial poly(phtalazinone ether sulfone ketone (PPESK) [477], Udel (Solvay) polysulfone [478-480], and Lasuf Lati SPA) polysulfone [481] were sulfonated to prepare membranes for DMFC. Relative selectivity larger than 7 have been obtained with some of these membranes [477,478], as indicated in Fig. 6.37. 

Jang H, Islam MM, Lim Y, Lee S, Hossain MA, Hong T, et al. Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated cardo based poly(arylene ether sulfone) multiblock copolymers for proton exchange membrane. Solid State Ionics 2013. 

Gugliuzza A., Aceto M.C., Macedonio F, Drioli E. (2008), Water droplets as template for next generation self-assembled poly-(etheretherketone) with Cardo membranes, / Phys. Chem. B, 112(34), 10483-10496. 

Ng F, Jones D J, Roziere J, Jeske M and Schuster M J (2010), Novel sulfonated poly(arylene ether benzimidazole) Cardo proton conducting membranes for PEMFC , J Membrane Sci, 362,184-191. 

For PV application, fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s containing bulky cardo moiety and -CF3 groups have shown improvement in flux and separation factor owing to the increase in FFV and micro-phase-separated morphology allowing penetration of solvents into the membranes. However, fluorinated PAEs with various architectures need to be further explored for PV application. 

S. Ghosh, D. Bera, P. Bandyopadhyay, S. Banerjee, Effect of introduction of cardo cyclohexylidene moiety on gas transport properties of fluorinated poly(arylene ether)s, Eur. Polym. J. 52 (2014) 207-217. 

In a different smdy, they synthesized another five series of poly(ether imide)s based on five different cardo moiety containing diamines, designated as BPI, BAPA, FBP, BIDA, and SBPDA, as presented in Scheme 3.21. Five different aromatic dianhydride, 4,4 -(4,4 -isopropylidenediphenoxy) w(phthalic anhydride) (BPADA), 4,4 -(hexafluoro-isopropyli-dene) diphthalic anhydride (6-FDA), 3,3 4,4"-benzo-phenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA), 4,4 -oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), and benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PMDA), were used to prepare each series of poly(ether imide)s. The O2-N2 and CO2-CH4 separation properties for... 

B. Dasgupta, S. Banerjee, A study of gas transport properties of semifluorinated poly(ether imide) membranes containing cardo diphe-nylfluorene moieties, J. Membr. Sci. 362 (1) (2010)58-67. 

P. Bandyopadhyay, D. Bera, S. Ghosh, S. Banerjee, Synthesis, characterization and gas transport properties of cardo bis (phenylphenyl)fluorene based semifluorinated poly(ether amide)s, RSC Adv. 4 (53) (2014) 28078-28092. 

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