Carcinoma metastatic prostate

The diagnostic usefulness should be established by appropriate retrospective or prospective studies to see if the test in fact improves the diagnostic accuracy. For inherited enzyme diseases, the measurement of the enzyme activity can be diagnostically specific and highly useful. For otherwise obvious diseases such as metastatic prostatic carcinoma, enzyme tests may be of little value (24). 

Mitotane, a derivative of the insecticide DDT, quickly lowers the level of corticosteroids, and is metabolized in the blood and urine and used on non-operable metastatic prostate carcinomas. Synonyms of this drug are lysodren and others. 

Antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate (5.54) or the nonsteroidal flutamide (5.55, a substituted anilide) are competitive antagonists on the cytosol receptor. They do not prevent DHT formation rather, they inhibit the nuclear retention of DHT in the prostate. They cause feminization in male fetuses and decrease libido in males. Cyproterone is also an active progestogen. In men, antiandrogens are used commonly in the treatment of prostatic cancer and uncommonly to inhibit sex drive in hypersexuality in women, antiandrogens are used to treat virilization. Bicalutamide (5.56) and nilutamide (5.57) are potent, orally active antiandrogens that may be used in the treatment of metastatic prostate carcinoma. 

Saad F, Gleason DM, Murray R,Tchekmedyian S,Venner P, Lacombe L, Chin JL, Vinholes JJ, Goas JA, Chen B. A randomized, pia-cebo-controlled trial of zoledronic acid in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst... 

Trade name Casodex (AstraZeneca) Indications Metastatic prostatic carcinoma Category Androgen antagonist Half-life up to 10 days... 

Indications Metastatic prostate carcinoma, progressive breast cancer... 

Trade names Drogenil Euflex Eulexin (Schering) Eulexine Flucinom Fluken Flulem Fugerel Novo-Flutamide Indications Metastatic prostate carcinoma Category Androgen antagonist Half-life 6 hours... 

Cho KR, Epstein JI. Metastatic prostatic carcinoma to supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical smdy. Am J Surg Pathol. 1987 11 457-463. 

Ghang SS, Reuter VE, Heston WD, Gaudin PB. Comparison of anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen antibodies and other immunomarkers in metastatic prostate carcinoma. Urology. 2001 57 1179. 

Breen SL, Powe JE, Porter AT. 1992. Dose estimation in strontium-89 radiotherapy of metastatic prostatic carcinoma. J Nucl Med 33 1316-1323. 

Flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (250 mg p.o. q. 8 hours), is indicated in the treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma in combination with LHRH analogs, such as leuprolide acetate (see also Table 13). 

Coumarin has undergone a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial for RCC and 7-hydroxycoumarin (1) is in phase I clinical trial for this purpose [177]. Recently, xanthotoxin has also been used in the treatment of cancer [178, 179]. Studies have been initiated in two multi-center trials of 1 g coumarin daily. Metastatic prostatic carcinoma patients of normal performance status were treated in a phase II trial [180]. 

Ghossein, R.A., Scher, H.I., Gerald, W.L. et al. (1995) Detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with localized and metastatic prostatic carcinoma clinical implants. / Clin Oncol, 13, 1195-1200. 

Therapeutic hypophysectomy has been performed in humans for generalized metastatic carcinoma (heart, prostate, thyroid), melanoma, chorioepithelioma, and for localized hypophyseal tumors. The hypophysis may be destroyed in part or totally by various forms of isotopic or radiotherapeutic techniques for the treatment of hypophyseal tumors. 

Sinonasal malignomas or metastases may occur in various primary tumor entities, but are most frequently associated with carcinoma, metastatic breast cancer, and metastatic prostate cancer (Mueller-Forell and Pitz 2004). 

DU-145 Metastatic prostate carcinoma 60 IP 120 IP >6.6 Exp. terminated 74 days post dnig adminisnation. 25% (2/8) mice had tumours <500 mm Paclitaxei was too toxic at this dose in (his model... 

U2-OS (human osteosarcoma), ACHN (renal carcinoma derived), DU145, PC-3 (both are metastatic prostate carcinoma-derived cell lines) (38)... 

An 80-year-old man with Parkinson s disease treated with levodopa/carbidopa (100/25 mg) three times daily developed nausea, insomnia and auditory hallucinations 2 days after being commenced on citalopram lOmg per day. He had metastatic prostatic carcinoma, gastro-oesophageal reflux and chronic cellulitis but no cognitive impairment (a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 29/30). There were no features consistent with delirium the auditory hallucinations stopped within 48 h of cessation of citalopram [35 ]. 

Prosta.te Ca.ncer, Estrogen has an inhibitory effect on the prostate in addition to its suppression of gonadotropin secretion by the pituitary. The three- and five-year survival rates in prostate cancer patients with metastatic disease improved when treated with DES (7) alone or along with castration. However, DES does not improve the survival rates in patients whose carcinoma is confined to the prostate. Small doses of DES (1 mg/d) appear to retard prostate cancer growth and could reduce the cardiovascular complications associated with larger doses (5 mg/d) (135) (see... 

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