Poly indoles

Poly-indole alkaloids are a common theme of metabolites fix>m deep-water sponges, particularly... 

A conducting, polymeric film of poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid) has been employed for covalent immobilization of tyrosinase, which retains catalytic activity and catalyzes oxidation of catechol to the quinone <2006MI41>. Poly(l-vinylpyrrole), polyfl-vinylindole), and some methyl-substituted compounds of poly(l-vinylindole) are of potential interest as photorefractive materials with a relatively low glass-transition temperature and requiring a lower quantity of plasticizer in the final photorefractive blend <2001MI253>. Polymers of 5,6-dihydroxyindoles fall within the peculiar class of pigments known as eumelanins and their chemistry has been reviewed <2005AHC(89)1>. 

However, in the latter case, the electrode substrate was a platinum or a gold disc, so that oxygen reduction may occur at the electrode/PPy interface [36] Poly-(3-methylthiophene) [37] and poly(indole-5 carboxylic acid) [38] have also shown inherent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of NADH and ascorbate, without the use of electron transfer mediators. These results have been interpreted by a higher efficiency of charge transfer from an organic-based electrode to an organic substrate. 

In addition to poly(pyrrole) and poly(N-methylpyrrole), other conducting polymers have been used for enzyme immobilization, including poly(thio-phene), poly(indole), and poly(aniline). " Poly(thiophenes) and poly (indole) films have the possible disadvantage that the enzyme/polymer film must be grown from aprotic solvents, conditions that may denature the enzymes. The... 

Poly indole has also been prepared and characterized [386],... 

SELF-DOPED POLY(INDOLE-5-CARBOXYUC ACID)... 

Figure 5.39 The different possible structures of poly indole. (Reprinted from Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 57, H. Talbi, E. B. Maarouf, B. Humbert, M. Alnot, J. Ehrhardt, J. Ghanbaja, D. Billaud, 1145. Copyright (1996), with permission from Elsevier.)...

Figure 5.41 Cyclic voltammograms of a poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid)-coated platinum electrode at different pH. The data for pH 1.2, 3.0 and 5.0 were recorded in a Mcllvaine buffer containing 0.1 M NaCl. In all cases, the sweep rate was lOmV/s. (A) 2.5 M HCl, (B) pH 1.2, (C) pH 3.0, (D) pH 5. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, 1992, 88, 2685, P. N. Bartlett, D. H. Dawson, J. Farrington. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry.)...

Ligure 5.42 Redox reaction in poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid) (P5C02H). (Reproduced from Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2005, 98, 917. Reprinted with permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.)... 

S. R. Sivakkumar, N. Angulakshmi, R. Saraswathi, Characterization of poly (indole-5-carhoxylic acid) in aqueous rechargeable cells, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2005, 98, 917. 

Poly(o-aminophenol) (PAP) Poly(aniline)-poly(vinylsulfonate) Poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid) Poly(phenosafranine)... 

Electrodes modified by electrodeposition of poly(3-methylthiophene) [340] and poly(indole-5<arboxylic acid) films [376] show a rather nonselective catalytic effect for NADH with concomitant oxidation of, for example, dopamine, epinephrine, and acetaminophen. However, the sensitivity for NADH is increased up to 10 times and interferences such as ascorbate could be minimized by charge-selective membranes. Also, poly (aniline)-poly (vinylsulfo-nate) coated GC electrodes were shown to give stable and reproducible electrocatalytic responses to NAD(P)H in citrate-phosphate buffer at pH 7 [302]. 

Poly(indole) [20]. Electrochemical oxidation of indole (counterion CIO4 or BF4) yields brittle films with conductivities of ca. 0.01 S/cm. 

Poly(indole) has found applications as an organic polymer coating. The performance of layered semiconductors has been shown to be improved by the electropolymerization of layers of poly (indole) on the defective sites of the surface. Carbon fibers may be coated with poly(indole) by electropolymerization. More recently, poly(indole) has been employed for the polymer coating for a glucose sensor [125]. 

Poly (indole) was studied by R. Holze [126] and shows similar properties like poly (aniline). 

Polyimides, 56, 207, 266 as plasticizers, 513 from MA-diisocyanate reaction, 506 Poly(indene-alt-MA), 376-378, 660 grafted to saturated polymers, 474 optically active polymer, 378 Poly(indole-alt-MA), 387, 394 Poly(isobutene-alt-MA), 338, 339, 586 applications, 447, 449, 586 structure and properties, 339, 433, 436 Poly(isobutenylsuccinic anhydride-alt-MA), 342 Poly(isobutylene), MA grafting procedure, 464 Poly[(isobutylene)-g-MA], 464 Polyisobutylene oligomers, MA ene adducts, 149 Poly(isobutyl-o-vinyl acetal-alt-MA), 328 Poly(isobutyl vinyl ether), 439 Poly(isobutyl vinyl ether-alt-MA), 289, 316,... 

Other CPs worth mentioning as having been studied for secondary battery applications include poly(3-butyl-thiophene-co-3-methyl-thiophene) and poly(di-methoxy-phenylene vinylene) [730]. Pandey and Prakash [731] investigated a Zn/poly(indole) secondary battery and found a maximum capacity of 90 Ah/kg with an open circuit potential of 1.45 V and good coulombic efficiency. 

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