Polyhydroxystearic acid

Surfactants are prepared which contain carboxylic acid ester or amide chains and terminal acid groups selected from phosphoric acid, carboxymethyl, sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, and phosphonic acid. These surfactants can be obtained by reaction of phosphoric acid or phosphorus pentoxide with polyhydroxystearic acid or polycaprolactone at 180-190°C under an inert gas. They are useful as polymerization catalysts and as dispersing agents for fuel, diesel, and paraffin oils [69]. 

Surfactants which contain carboxylic acid ester or amide chains with terminal phosphonic acid groups are prepared from polyhydroxystearic acid or poly-caprolactone. Such reaction products are useful as dispersants, emulsifiers, and, in some cases, bactericides, disinfectants, and antiseptics see Sec. III.C.9 [69]. 

The primary W/O emulsifier various low-H LB surfactants are available of which the following may be mentioned decaglycerol decaoleate mixed triglycerol trioleate and sorbitan trioleate ABA block copolymers of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyhydroxystearic acid (PHS). 

PLA Plaza, M., Pons, R., Tadros, Th. F., and Solans, C., Phase behavior and formation of micro-emulsions in water/A-B-A block copolymer (polyhydroxystearic acid-(>-ethylene oxide-6-hydroxystearic acid)/l,2-alkanediol/isopropyl myristate systems, Langmuir, 18, 1077, 2002. 

Channel duration, but not conductance, is dependent upon bilayer thickness [20]. For example, in polyhydroxystearic acid, glycerylmonooleate plus /t-decane membranes with a hydrocarbon thickness of 64 A the gramicidin channel has a conductance of 1.7 X 10 and a mean duration of 0.03 s while in a glycerylmonopalmitoleate membrane with a hydrocarbon thickness of 26 A the mean channel duration is 0.6 s but the conductance is unchanged. 

Uses Emulsifier in cosmetics PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate Synonyms POE (30) dipolyhydroxystearate Definition PEG diester of polyhydroxystearic acid Formula RCO-(OCH2CH2)nO-RCO, RCO- rep. alkyl groups derived from polyhydroxystearic acid and avg. n = 30... 

Polyglyceryl-2 tetraisostearate Polyglyceryl-10 tetraoleate Polyglyceryl-2 tetrastearate Polyglyceryl-2 triisostearate Polyhydroxystearic acid Polyguaternium-31 Polysorbate 21 Polysorbate 60 Polysorbate 61 Polysorbate 80... 

It is clear from Equation 14.18 that when the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, % is <0.5, that is, the chains are in good solvent conditions, is positive, and the interaction is repulsive and increases very rapidly with decreasing h, when the latter is lower than 28. This explains why polymeric surfactants such as Hypermer CG6 (a graft copolymer of polymethylmethacrylate backbone and PEO side chains, produced by ICl) are ideal for stabilizing dispersions in aqueous media. For stabilization of dispersions in nonaqueous media, such as w/o emulsions, the stabilizing chains have to be soluble in the oil phase (normally a hydrocarbon). In this case, polyhydroxystearic acid (PHS) chains are ideal. A polymeric surfactant such as Aralcel P135 (an ABA block copolymer of PHS-PEO-PHS produced by ICl) is an ideal w/o emulsifier. 

Polyhydroxoaluminum chloride. See Polyaluminum chloride Polyhydroxystearic acid CAS 27924-99-8... 

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