Carboxy-poly

The FTIR spectra of citrus pectin and wheat straw XRPP (Figure 1) appeared to be similar. Both of the spectra have absorptions at 1740, 1608, 1430, 1360, 1244, 1080, 1060, 1035, 890 and 524 cm. The pectic substances belong to a class of carboxy poly saccharides which differ from neutral polysaccharides, with an intense band in the region 1740 cm l (for salts 1608 cm ) related to vibrations of the carboxyl group... 

Fig. 9 Schematic illustration of the morphology and conformation of PAAiys-g-PMLGluu in water/TFE mixed solvents (abbreviations, PMLG polyly-methyl L-glutamate) and PEG-COOH ft)-carboxy-poly(ethylene glycol)). Reprinted with permission from [44], copyright (2003) Wiley...

Ethyl and butyl esters of poly(vinyl methyl ether)/maleic anhydride (PVM/MA) copolymer were introduced in the early 1960s for use in hair sprays. These polymers also have free carboxy acid groups that can be neutralized. Recommended neutralization is 10%, but products can be found in the range of 5—30%, and recommended neutralizers include ammonium hydroxide, aminomethyl propanol, and triisopropano1 amine. These were the most widely used polymers in hair sprays before their use decreased dramatically in the early 1990s. 

Polymer Solvent. Sulfolane is a solvent for a variety of polymers, including polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(vinyhdene cyanide), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl fluoride), and polysulfones (124—129). Sulfolane solutions of PAN, poly(vinyhdene cyanide), and PVC have been patented for fiber-spinning processes, in which the relatively low solution viscosity, good thermal stabiUty, and comparatively low solvent toxicity of sulfolane are advantageous. Powdered perfluorocarbon copolymers bearing sulfo or carboxy groups have been prepared by precipitation from sulfolane solution with toluene at temperatures below 300°C. Particle sizes of 0.5—100 p.m result. 

Poly(acrylic acid) Poly-[l-(carboxy)elhylene]... 

Swarc,M. The Kinetics and Mechanism of N-carboxy-a-amino-acid Anhydride (NCA) Polymerization to Poly-amino Acids. Vol. 4, pp. 1—65. 

These thiohydroxamic esters have seen use in grafting of PAN onto PE,iM of PS, PAM and I MPAM onto cellulose127128 and of PS, PMMA, PVP and PAM onto poly(arylene ether sulfone).12 7 The process involves derivitization of a parent carboxy functional polymer to form the thiohydoxamic ester 82 (R=polvmcr) which then behaves as a polymeric transfer agent and/or radical generator. 

Kinetic studies on the bulk polyesterification of a,o-dicarboxy poly(hexamethylene adipate) with a,polymeric medium. Solomon s mechanism1 can be considered as reasonable. 

Carboxy-Terminated Poly butadiene Propellant Formulation... 

Poly(unsaturated ester)-siloxane segmented copolymers have been prepared by the polycondensation of epoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes and carboxy-terminated poly(ethylene adipate-co-maleate) oligomers 243). Reactions have been conducted in cellosolve solvent, at 140-150 °C, in the presence of 2% by weight potassium hydroxide catalyst. The molecular weights reported were fairly low. The same group has also prepared poly(hexamethylene adipate)-polydimethylsiloxane copolymers con-... 

Heller, J., Ng, S. Y., and Penhale, D. W. H., Preparation of poly(carboxy-ortho esters) by the reaction of diketene acetals and carboxylic acids. In Preparation. 

Multiblock copolymers of poly(L-lysine) and PEG were prepared following the reaction sequence illustrated in Scheme 66. N-carboxy-(AT -benzyloxy... 

In an attempt to increase Tg of the poly[bis(o-carboxyphenoxy)alkanes], Anastasiou and Uhrich (2000a) replaced the alkane moiety by ortho-, meta-, and para-xylenes producing poly[o-/m-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)xylene]s (Po-p-CPX, and Pm-p-CPX) and poly[o-/m-/p-bis(o-carboxyphenoxy)xylene]s (Po-o-CPX, Pm-o-CPX, and Pp-o-CPX). They found Po-p-CPX to be relatively insoluble and were unable to synthesize poly[p-bis(p-carboxy-phenoxy)xylene] because of the insolubility of the dicarboxylic acid (Anastasiou and Uhrich, 2000a). Po-o-CPX and Pm-o-CPX demonstrated the most favorable solubility and neither exhibited a melting temperature. All of the polymers synthesized had Tgs between 71 and 101°C (Anastasiou and Uhrich, 2000a). 

Experimental studies of the adsorption of polyelectrolyte have been reported by several authors Pefferkom, Dejardin, and Varoqui (3) measured the hydrodynamic thickness of an alternating copolymer of maleic acid and ethyl vinyl ether adsorbed on the pore walls in cellulose ester filter as a function of the molecular weight and the concentration of NaCl. Robb et al. (4) studied the adsorption of carboxy methyl cellulose and poly (acrylic acid) onto surfaces of insoluble inorganic salts. However, their studies are limited to the measurements of adsorbance and the fraction of adsorbed segments. 

Polymer Media Alginate (Sodium) Cellulose Sulfate Carboxy- methyl Cellulose Xanthan Carrageenan (A) Gellan Gum Poly Glutamic Acid... 

Scheme 2. Synthesis of endfunctionalized conjugated polymers. The bromoendfunctionalized poly(p-phenylene) 8 is the starting material for the synthesis of various endfunctionalized polymers 9, 10, 11. Two-fold carboxy-...

Crystallinity of these hexafluoroisopropylidene-unit-containing poly(ketone)s is low except for poly(sulfide ketone) (13). The water contact angle for the fluorine-containing poly(ketone) films is high, being 98° for poly(ether ketone) (11), from 2,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-l,l, l,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane(15) and 96° for poly(sulfide ketone) (13) from 15, whereas it is 78° for poly(ether ketone) from 2,2-bis(4-carboxy-phenyl)propane (16) and 74° for the poly(sulfide ketone) from 16. This result indicates that the substitution of isopropylidene units of poly-(ketone)s with hexafluoroisopropylidene units has a remarkable effect on the surface properties of poly(ketone) films. 

The compounds I and II represent intermediates for the synthesis of either carboxy functional or amino functional polysiloxanes. To this end I or II is either saponified with sodium hydroxide and concomitantly polycon-densated to a poly(carboxylaIky1 methyl siloxane) (III) or reduced to an amino alkyl methyl dialkoxy silane with sodium borohydride (J 5). ... 

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