Carbon water mixtures

Benoit and Choux, 1968). Similarly, propylene carbonate + water mixtures belong to this class, having a UCST at 334 K when x2 — 0-2 (Catherall and Williamson, 1971) with GE > 0 at 298 K (Lam and Benoit, 1974). Propylene carbonate is an interesting solvent because its relative permittivity, 65-1, is close to that for water (Krishnan and Friedman, 1969). 

The effect of the nature of various di-imine ligands in reactivity has been studied for reaction with hydroxide and with cyanide. In the latter investigation the effects of ligand denticity were probed by employing a series of SchiflF-base ligands with denticities between two and six. Kinetic parameters for the reaction of the [Fe(5-Br-phen)3] + cation with cyanide in aqueous solution have been reported kinetics of reactions of di-imine-iron(ii) complexes with cyanide have also been studied in ethylene carbonate- and propylene carbonate-water mixtures. Effects of solvent variation on reactivity have been dissected into initial-state and transition-state components for the reaction of [Fe(phen)3] + with hydroxide in methanol- and in acetone-water mixtures (cf. p. 294). 

Add 40 ml. of ethyl alcohol to 21 -5 g. of 70 per cent, ethylenediamine solution (0 -25 mol) dissolve 36 -5 g. of adipic acid (0 -25 mol) in 50 ml. of a 6 1 mixture of ethyl alcohol and water. Mix the two solutions, stir and cool. Filter off the resulting salt and recrystalliae it from 60 ml. of a 6 1 ethyl alcohol - water mixture, and dry the salt in the air. Heat the salt in an atmosphere of oxygen-free nitrogen or of carbon dioxide in an oil bath until it melts (ca. 160°) the product will sohdify after a short time. Reduce the pressure to 15 mm. of mercury or less and raise the temperature of the oil bath until the product remelts (about 290°) and continue the heating for 4r-5 hours. Upon coohng, a nylon type polymer is obtained. 

When the recycle soot in the feedstock is too viscous to be pumped at temperatures below 93°C, the water—carbon slurry is first contacted with naphtha carbon—naphtha agglomerates are removed from the water slurry and mixed with additional naphtha. The resultant carbon—naphtha mixture is combined with the hot gasification feedstock which may be as viscous as deasphalter pitch. The feedstock carbon—naphtha mixture is heated and flashed, and then fed to a naphtha stripper where naphtha is recovered for recycle to the carbon—water separation step. The carbon remains dispersed in the hot feedstock leaving the bottom of the naphtha stripper column and is recycled to the gasification reactor. 

Carbon dioxide gas is added to either the water used to prepare beverages or the symp and water mixture, depending on the type of manufactuting equipment. In both manufactuting processes, the carbon dioxide gas is iatroduced under pressure to the system. The carbonation of the beverage is dependent on the carbon dioxide pressure and the temperature of the mixture. 

The benzyloxycarbonyl-L-proline thus obtained (180 g) is dissolved in a mixture of dichloro-methane (300 ml), liquid isobutylene (800 ml) and concentrated sulfuric acid (7.2 ml). The solution is shaken in a pressure bottle for 72 hours. The pressure is released, the Isobutylene is allowed to evaporate and the solution is washed with 5% sodium carbonate, water, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness in vacuo, to obtain benzyloxycarbonyl-L-proline tert-butyl ester, yield 205 g. 

The ethyl acetate solution is then washed with water, dried and evaporated. To remove any selenium still present, the residue is dissolved in 200 cc of methanol and mixed with 100 g of iron powder and 2 g of active carbon. The mixture is heated for 30 minutes with stirring under reflux, then filtered with suction, washed with methanol and the solution evaporated in vacuo. The residue is then chromatographed on 900 g of aluminum oxide. The residues of the evaporated benzene and ether fractions are treated with active carbon in methanol or acetone, evaporated again, and the residue recrystallized from a mixture of acetone and ether. There are obtained 17.5 g of pure 1-dehydro-17a-methyl-testosterone which melts at 163° to 164°C. 

A solution of 1.5 grams of 17a-ethynyl estradiol in 50 cc of absolute ethanol is added slowly to a mixture of 3 grams of cyclopentyl bromide and 2 grams of potassium carbonate. This mixture is heated to reflux and stirred for 3 hours, then filtered. Most of the alcohol is eliminated by distillation and the resulting solution diluted with water, and cooled in an ice-bath. The product which precipitates Is collected by filtration, washed and dried. After recrystallization from methanol the 3-cyclopentyl ether of 17a-ethynyl estradiol shows a melting point of 107° to 108°C. 

This medium was incubated in a 100 gallon stainless steel fermentor, at 24°C with sparged air being introduced at the rate of 50 C/min and with agitation by an impeller. After 66 hours of fermentation the beer was harvested. To 100 gal Ions of harvested beer was added 17 pounds of diatomite, and 35 pounds of activated carbon. The mixture was stirred well and then filtered, the cake was water-washed with 10 gal Ions of tap water, and then washed with 25 gallons of acetone followed by 30 gallons of 1 1 aqueous acetone. The acetone solutions of strepto-zotocin were pooled and dried in vacuo to 3.88 pounds. 

Decreases with increasing wettability of liquid on plate surface. Kerosene, hexane, carbon tetrachloride, butyl alcohol, glycerine-water mixtures all wet the test plates better than pure water. The critical tray stability data of Hunt et al., [33] is given in Table 8-21 for air-water, and hence the velocities for other systems that wet the tray better than water should be somewhat lower than those tabulated. The data of Zenz [78] are somewhat higher than these tabulated values by 10-60%. 

A solution of 1.0 mmol of 2-acetyl alkenoate in 2.5 mL of CH2C1, is added slowly to a solution of 4.0 mmol of titanium(IV) chloride in 7.5 mL of CH-CL under an atmosphere of nitrogen at — 78 °C. The mixture instantaneously turns deep red. and is stirred at — 78 °C before being quenched by the addition of 5 mL of sat. aq potassium carbonate. The mixture is then partitioned between 10 mL of bt20 and 10 mL of water. The aqueous phase is extracted with three 10-mL portions of Et2(), and the extracts are combined, washed with 10 mL of brine, and dried over anhyd potassium carbonate. Concentration under reduced pressure gives the crude product. Product analysis is by capillary GC. 

Figure 9.46. Correction factor for water vapour-carbon dioxide mixtures " 1...

The most popular bonded phases are, without doubt, the reverse phases which consist solely of aliphatic hydrocarbon chains bonded to the silica. Reverse phases interact dispersively with solvent and solute molecules and, as a consequence, are employed with very polar solvents or aqueous solvent mixtures such as methanol/water and acetonitrile/water mixtures. The most commonly used reverse phase appears to be the brush type phase with aliphatic chains having four, eight or eighteen carbon atom chains attached. These types of reverse phase have been termed C4, C8 and Cl8 phases respectively. The C8... 

Xin and co-workers modified the alkaline EG synthesis method by heating the metal hydroxides or oxides colloidal particles in EG or EG/water mixture in the presence of carbon supports, for preparing various metal and alloy nanoclusters supported on carbon [20-24]. It was found that the ratio of water to EG in the reaction media was a key factor influencing the average size and size distribution of metal nanoparticles supported on the carbon supports. As shown in Table 2, in the preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotube-supported Pt catalysts... 

The same goes for carbon (the accident was caused because carbon was used instead of manganese dioxide, by mistake), sulphur and phosphorus. There was a detonation with carbon. With phosphorus the detonation occurred once the carbon disulphide used to dissolve phosphorus vapourised red phosphorus behaves the same way. The same happened with the potassium chlor-ate/sodium nitrate/sulphur/carbon mixture, which led to a violent detonation as well as with the potassium perchlorate/aluminium/potassium nitrate/barium nitrate/water mixture. In the last case the explosion took place after an induction period of 24h. 

The most critical decision to be made is the choice of the best solvent to facilitate extraction of the drug residue while minimizing interference. A review of available solubility, logP, and pK /pKb data for the marker residue can become an important first step in the selection of the best extraction solvents to try. A selected list of solvents from the literature methods include individual solvents (n-hexane, " dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, and water ) mixtures of solvents (dichloromethane-methanol-acetic acid, isooctane-ethyl acetate, methanol-water, and acetonitrile-water ), and aqueous buffer solutions (phosphate and sodium sulfate ). Hexane is a very nonpolar solvent and could be chosen as an extraction solvent if the analyte is also very nonpolar. For example, Serrano et al used n-hexane to extract the very nonpolar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from fat, liver, and kidney of whale. One advantage of using n-hexane as an extraction solvent for fat tissue is that the fat itself will be completely dissolved, but this will necessitate an additional cleanup step to remove the substantial fat matrix. The choice of chlorinated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride should be avoided owing to safety and environmental concerns with these solvents. Diethyl ether and ethyl acetate are other relatively nonpolar solvents that are appropriate for extraction of nonpolar analytes. Diethyl ether or ethyl acetate may also be combined with hexane (or other hydrocarbon solvent) to create an extraction solvent that has a polarity intermediate between the two solvents. For example, Gerhardt et a/. used a combination of isooctane and ethyl acetate for the extraction of several ionophores from various animal tissues. 

Mono-, di-, and trisubstituted olefins undergo osmium-catalyzed enantioselective dihydroxylation in the presence of the (R)-proline-substituted hydroquinidine 3.9 to give diols in 67-95% yields and in 78-99% ee.75 Using potassium osmate(VI) as the catalyst and potassium carbonate as the base in a tm-butanol/water mixture as the solvent, olefins are dihydroxylated stereo- and enantioselectively in the presence of 3.9 and potassium ferricyanide with sodium chlorite as the stoichiometric oxidant the yields and enantiomeric excesses of the... 

Aromatic poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing 1,4-naphthalene moieties were prepared by the reaction of a bisphenol and 2 in the presence of potassium carbonate in DM Ac at 160°C as depicted in Scheme 3. A typical polymerization was carried out as follows To a 100-ml round-bottom flask was added 8.32 g (O.OlOmol) of2, 3.36g (O.OlOmol) of4,4 -(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol, 51.2 g ofDMAc, and 3.1 g (0.022 mol) of potassium carbonate. The mixture was heated to 160°C with stirring under nitrogen for 18 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. The polymer was precipitated by pouring the reaction mixture into a blender containing about 100 ml of water, filtered, washed three times with water and dried to yield 8.1 g (92% yield) as a white powder. 

D. trans-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal. In a 500-ml., one-necked flask containing a Teflon -coated magnetic stirring bar is placed 3.85 g. (0.02 mole) of l,3-bis(methyIthio)-l-hexen-4-ol, 80 ml. of tetrahydrofuran (Note 11), and 6.00 g. (0.06 mole) of powdered calcium carbonate. The mixture is stirred, and a solution of 16.4 g. (0.06 mole) of mercuric chloride in 140 ml. of tetrahydrofuran and 40 ml. of water is added. The mixture is stirred and heated at 50-55° with a water bath for 15... 

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