Water - glycerine

Verschoor (V5) studied the motion of swarms of gas bubbles formed at a porous glass gas distributor. Gas holdup was observed to increase approximately linearly with nominal gas velocity up to a critical point (corresponding to a nominal gas velocity of about 4 cm/sec), whereupon it decreased to a minimum and then increased again on further increase of the gas velocity. Higher holdup was observed for a water-glycerine mixture than for water. 

FD C color Common name Water Glycerin Propylene glycol 25% Ethanol Light Oxidation pH 3 pH 5 pH 7 pH 8... 

Fig. 1.12. Phase diagram of water - glycerine. On the left hand side the dependence of the phase transition time from the ice temperature is shown At -140 °C, amorphous ice transforms into cubic ice in approx. 10 min (Fig. 8 from [1.98]).

Fig. 1.13. Temperature as a function of the concentration water - glycerine mixture at which phase transformations occur (Fig. 14 from [1.10]). Definitions by Luyet AE, Forming of small crystals or molecular groups E, etectic point EB, forming of clusters R, irruptive recristallization G, glass transition.

The non equilibrium status can be seen during a slow cooling of a water-glycerine solution Starting with a 20 % glycerol solution pure ice crystals will first be formed until at -46.5 °C when the glycerol concentration has reached 66.7 %. At this temperature, the eutectic should solidify. Howevere it is possible to reduce the temperature to -58 °C with a glycerol concentration of 73 %. A further decrease of the temperature does not crystallize... 

Ammonium nitrate, Chlorine gas Anhydrous ammonia, Chlorine gas, Water Glycerin, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid Guanidine, Sulfuric acid, Water... 

Fukui, M., Konishi, H., Ohta, K. Tanaka, K. (1992) [Ion-exclusion chromatography with UV detection for the determination of alkanolamines in cosmetics using water-glycerine as an eluent]. Bunseki Kagaku, 41, T27-T31 (in Japanese)... 

Maltose disaccharide 0.32 Miscible with water, glycerin, PG Flatulence diarrhea... 

Tartaric acid Acidulant, antioxidant, sequestering agent Soluble in water, glycerin and ethanol. Tartaric acid has a very tart taste... 

Compacting of specific materials can be facilitated with certain kinds of additives. Binders are additives that confer strength to the agglomerates, and lubricants reduce friction during the operation. Some additives may function both ways. A few of the hundreds of binders that have been tried or proposed are listed in Table 12.12. Lubricants include the liquids water, glycerine, and lubricating oils and typical solids are waxes, stearic acid, metallic stearates, starch, and talc. 

Soluble in Very slightly in water, glycerin Alcohol, esters, chlorinated hydro- Alcohol, sodium hydroxide solu-... 

By a similar elimination of water, glycerin yields acrolein and terpineol passes to dipentene ... 

Overgaard Olsen, L. and Jemec, G.B. The influence of water, glycerin, paraffin oil and ethanol on skin mechanics. Acta Derm. Venereol. 1993,73 404-6. 

The ring-and-ball softening point is the temperature at which a disk of the sample held within a horizontal ring is forced downward a distance of 25.4 mm under the weight of a steel ball as the sample is heated at a prescribed rate in a water, glycerin, or silicone oil (Dow Corning 200 fluid 50 cs or an equivalent is suitable) bath. 

PROP Colorless crystals odorless with sweet taste. D 1.645, mp 94.5°, bp loses 20 waters 120°. Sol in water, glycerin insol in ale. 

PROP Ethyl ether of cellulose. White to light tan powder. Sol in some org solvs insol in water, glycerin, and propylene glycol. 

Freely sol in water, glycerin practically insol in abs ale, ether, benzene, chloroform. 

Sol in water, glycerin spar sol in EtOH. SYNS COMMON SALT DENDRITIS EXTRA FINE 200 SALT EXTRA FINE 325 SALT HALITE H.G. BLENDING D NATRIUMCHLORID (GERNL N) ... 

Glycerin is a clear, colorless, syrupy liquid with a sweet taste. It is miscible with both water and alcohol. In contact with water, glycerin absorbs water and thereby exerts an osmotic effect. When placed on the eye, its hygroscopic action clears the haze of corneal epithelial edema. Because the molecules mix readily with water, the osmolality of the applied solution decreases rapidly as water is imbibed from the cornea, and the clinical effect is transient. 

The production of briquettes may require little or no binders but when they are used, strength is conferred to the agglomerates and the addition of lubricants may reduce friction during the operation. Table 12.14 is a hst of some binders that have been used. The lubricants may be liquids such as water, glycerine, lubricating oils and solid waxes, metallic stearates, starch, and talc. 

Color Distilled water Glycerine Propylene glycol 95% Ethanol 50% Ethanol... 

Cadwallader, D.W. Behavior of erythrocytes in various solvent systems I. Water-glycerin and water-propylene glycol. J. Pharm. Sci. 1963, 52 (12), 1175-1180. 

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