Carbon reinforced polymer

For applications where only mechanical properties are relevant, it is often sufficient to use resins for the filling and we end up with carbon-reinforced polymer structures. Such materials [23] can be soft, like the family of poly-butadiene materials leading to rubber or tires. The transport properties of the carbon fibers lead to some limited improvement of the transport properties of the polymer. If carbon nanotubes with their extensive propensity of percolation are used [24], then a compromise between mechanical reinforcement and improvement of electrical and thermal stability is possible provided one solves the severe challenge of homogeneous mixing of binder and filler phases. For the macroscopic carbon fibers this is less of a problem, in particular when advanced techniques of vacuum infiltration of the fluid resin precursor and suitable chemical functionalization of the carbon fiber are applied. 

The most common matrix materials of carbon-fiber composites are the polymers, also called resins or plastics. Carbon-reinforced polymers are low-density, high-strength, and high-modulus composites with extensive applications, especially in aerospace as mentioned above. Their cost is still high but is gradually decreasing as the fabrication techniques are becoming less labor-intensive. 

Carbon-reinforced polymer composites are currently being used extensively in sports and recreational equipment (fishing rods, golf clubs), filament-woimd rocket motor cases, pressure vessels, and aircraft structural components—both military and commercial, both fixed-wing aircraft and hehcopters (e.g., as wing, body, stabilizer, and rudder components). 

The presence of an appropriate compounding [560,561], which is generally obtained by reinforcing polymers with clay, carbon black, silica, etc. 

CNTs can enhance the thermal properties of CNT-polymer nanocomposites. The reinforcing function is closely associated with the amount and alignment of CNTs in the composites. Well-dispersed and long-term stable carbon nanotubes/ polymer composites own higher modulus and better thermal property as well as better electronic conductivity (Valter et al., 2002 Biercuk et al., 2002). Both SWNT and MWNT can improve the thermal stability and thermal conductivity of polymer, the polymer-CNT composites can be used for fabricating resistant-heat materials. 

The modulus and the strength reinforcement ratios for various carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastics. The reinforcement ratio is the performance of the reinforced polymer divided by the performance of the neat polymer. 

Reinforcement ratios based on tensile strength and modulus of carbon fibre reinforced polymers various... 

Fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites UD carbon fiber-epoxy matrix ... 

CFRP carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites... 

Due to the fact that the mechanical properties of unidirectional, continuous-fiber-reinforced composites are highly anisotropic, maximum effectiveness is often achieved by making laminate composites of multiple layers. This is particularly true of carbon and Kevlar -reinforced polymers, which will be described in Section 5.4.3. 

Materials with a tensile modulus E > 200 GPa and density p <2 Mg/m include beryllium alloys and nnaxial carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers. Beryllium alloys are both expensive and toxic. 

M.L. Shofner, F.J. Rodriguez-Macfas, R. Vaidyanathan, and E.V. Barrera, Single wall nanotube and vapor grown carbon fiber reinforced polymers processed by extrusion freeform fabrication, Composites Part A, 34(12) 1207-1217, December 2003. 

Lee H, Mall S, He P, Shi DL, Narasimhadevara S, Yeo-Heung Y, Shanov V, Schulz MJ (2007) Characterization of carbon nanotube/nanofiber-reinforced polymer composites using an instrumented indentation technique. Composites Part B 38 58-65... 

Hsiao, Kuang-Ting, et al., Use of Epoxy/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Adhesives to Join Graphite Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites, Nanotechnology, vol. 24, July 2003, pp. 791-793. 

Capacitance, parasitic 176 Carbon black 12, 33, 47, 57, 60 - -, processing 27, 30 Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) 103... 

Recent tests have revealed surprisingly good fatigue and creep resistance for carbon/carbon composites. Figure 29 presents some results of torsion and flexure tests in which the fatigue properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon (CFRC) 3D composites are compared with those of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) 3D composites (53). 

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