Carbon monoxide poisoning from

Every year, thousands of deaths occur worldwide due to carbon monoxide poisoning from gasoline engines. Suicides in cars from gasoline engine exhaust are common also and are well documented in public health reports. The most common deaths from carbon monoxide occur, however,... 

Fawcett, T, Moon, R., Fracica, P, et al., 1992. Warehouse workers headache. Carbon monoxide poisoning from propane fueled forklifts. J. Occup. Med. 34,12-15. 

The same is true for chemicals. There is a risk of toxicity from exposure to any amount of a chemical. This risk might be so large that we can be fairly certain toxicity would result (e.g., carbon monoxide poisoning from running your car in an enclosed space for a long period of time), or so small that it is essentially unmeasurable (e.g., one molecule of toluene in a reservoir). Part of the risk assessment discipline is to identify what risk is small enough that we can ignore it. We will discuss this in more detail in chapter 9. 

The Du Pont HaskeU Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine has conducted a study to determine the acute inhalation toxicity of fumes evolved from Tefzel fluoropolymers when heated at elevated temperatures. Rats were exposed to decomposition products of Tefzel for 4 h at various temperatures. The approximate lethal temperature (ALT) for Tefzel resins was deterrnined to be 335—350°C. AH rats survived exposure to pyrolysis products from Tefzel heated to 300°C for this time period. At the ALT level, death was from pulmonary edema carbon monoxide poisoning was probably a contributing factor. Hydrolyzable fluoride was present in the pyrolysis products, with concentration dependent on temperature. 

This reaction serves for removal of carbon monoxide from gas mixtures and is usually carried out over supported metal catalysts. In reforming techniques, carbon monoxide, poisonous for the catalyst in fuel cells, is removed in such a way. It is also applied in automobiles for reducing the exhaust gas carbon monoxide to an environmentally acceptable level. 

Methaemoglobin forming compounds should be used cautiously in victims suffering from concurrent carbon monoxide poisoning or hypoxia. The second approach calls for provision of additional sulfur groups to enhance the detoxification of cyanide and thiocyanate by endogenous rhodanese this comes about by giving sodium thiosulphate. 

Smith J, Brandon S Morbidity from acute carbon monoxide poisoning at a three-year follow-up. Br Mciy 1 318-321, 1973... 

Air pollution is one of the worst problems caused by industries, agriculture, power stations, aerosols and other chemicals, and coal and other fires. As a result we suffer from headaches, respiratory tract infections and ailments, asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, eye problems, and eventually a profound breakdown in health manifested by various cancers. Other environmental hazards include lead from gasoline — which causes hyperactivity and birth defects — acid rain, carbon monoxide poisoning, water pollution, and radiation. Clinical ecologists treat illnesses and disorders that they believe stem from an individual s reaction to these environmental factors. They practice what is known as environmental medicine, and they estimate that between 10 and 30% of the population suffers from some form of ecological disease (Thomas, 1997 and General References). 

Constriction of blood vessels, arrhythmia, and even aplastic anemia, caused by ethyl alcohol, methylene chloride, and benzene, respectively, are circulatory system diseases that result from misuse of these chemical substances. Methylene chloride, a paint solvent, reacts in the body to produce carbon monoxide, which replaces oxygen in the hemoglobin molecule. This can cause carbon monoxide poisoning, which can be fatal. 

Carbon monoxide is a clear, tasteless, odorless gas that is produced from incomplete combustion. Exposure to carbon monoxide can cause headaches fatigue dizziness nausea permanent damage to the brain, central nervous system, and heart and even death by reducing the amount of oxygen red blood cells carry. Infants, children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with heart or respiratory problems are most susceptible to carbon monoxide poisoning. Because you can t see, smell, or taste carbon monoxide, it has to be tested for with a monitor or an alarm, which are now legally required in many states. 

The death of nine persons on June 21, 1995, in the cave of Monterolier (Seine-Maritime) was said to have been caused by the release of cyanide gas originating from the poison gas used during First World War, the so-called Vincennite. This was announced Wednesday by former Professor of Physical Chemistry, Louis Soulie. [...] At a press conference in Buchy, he said that neither the children nor the firemen rushing to the rescue—one of whom wore a gas mask—died of carbon monoxide poisoning. ... 

One treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning is administration of oxygen. The high concentration of oxygen binds to free hemoglobin, including the Hb from the equilibrium between Hb and CO. This is an application of ... 

According to Eidus (90) carbides formed on cobalt or nickel catalysts are neither intermediate products nor catalysts promoting the formation of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. In the absence of hydrogen carbon monoxide poisoned the cobalt catalyst. Despite Eidus results, Braude and Bruns (42) supported Craxford s assumption that the carbide is formed by reaction of the metal (iron) with carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It was pointed out by Eidus (84a) that Braude and Bruns did not clearly distinguish between the carbide and free carbon... 

If the corpses had indeed appeared blue, death certainly would not have been due to carbon monoxide poisoning. A bluish appearance could, however, have been an indication of death from asphyxiation, /. e., from lack of oxygen.. 

What any would-be National Socialist mass murderers needed to achieve with their gas chambers is called by toxicologists the LDioo the lethal dose for killing 100% of the victims. The concrete implications of this can be seen from the statistical analysis of a study of 100 deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning. 

Carbon monoxide poisoning is treated with O2 that displaces the CO from hemoglobin receptors. Antidotes function by antagonizing the toxicity of a poison. 

Floods. In 1997, Grand Forks, North Dakota, experienced a severe flood. There were 33 identified cases of postdisaster carbon monoxide poisoning, involving 18 incidents patients ranged in age from 7 to 76 years (Daley, Shireley, Gilmore, 2001). All incidents were related to the use of gasoline-powered pressure washers in basements (Daley et al., 2001). 

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