Marginal effects

When optimizing industrial ventilation, the real consequences for the environment due to decisions made are of interest. Therefore, the marginal effect on the whole energy system is what is required. This is of course difficult. Many practitioners use electricity produced from coal processes as marginal, but some use natural-gas-fired power plants. It depends mainly on the area and time frame that is being considered. 

In the multistep swelling and polymerization method, polymerization time, temperature, and initiator concentration have marginal effects only. The ratio of monovinyl to divinyl monomer in the polymerization mixture, along with the composition of the porogenic systems, is known to be the most important factor in controlling the ultimate macroporous structure. The average molecular... 

However, if the isopinocampheyl residue is used instead of achiral ligands (such as butyl or cyclohexyl) in the enolborinate, the diastereoselectivity is slightly improved (93 7). Thus, the combination of substrate-induced and auxiliary-induced stereoselectivity has only a marginal effect in this case56. 

A series of bathing solutions mimicking the intracellular environment in fatigued muscle have been studied by Godt and Nosek (1989). Variations in ATP, ADP, PCr, and Cr contents had only marginal effects on the tension development compared to decreases in pH and increases in Pj. 

The physical properties of radiation and peroxide cured polysiloxanes have been compared by several investigators [402]. Vinyl-substituted (0.14 mol%) radiation-cured polysiloxane is found to have better strength properties than the chemically cured analogue. The phenyl substitution (7.5 mol%) has only marginal effect. The physical properties of radiation and thermally cured sUica-filled polyvinylethyldimethylsiloxane compounds are found to be similar. 

Many sea trials of dispersant chemicals to demonstrate the effectiveness of specific products or to elucidate the processes of oil dispersion into the water column have been described. Most tests have proved inconclusive, leading many to believe that dispersant chemicals are only marginally effective. Tests in a wave basin have been conducted to measure dispersant effectiveness under closely controlled conditions [261]. These tests show that dispersed oil plumes may be irregular and concentrated over small volumes, so extensive plume sampling was required to obtain accurate dispersant effectiveness measurements. In large-scale sea trials, dispersants have been shown effective, but only when sufficient sampling of the water column was done to detect small concentrated dispersed oil plumes and when it was known that the dispersant was applied primarily to the thick floating oil. 

In contrast to their use in UC, sulfasalazine and the newer aminosalicylates are marginally effective in preventing CD relapse in patients with medically-induced remission, with success rates of only 10% to 20% at 1 year.26 Nevertheless, aminosalicylates are routinely used to maintain remission of CD. Some evidence does exist that the aminosalicylates may prevent or delay disease recurrence in patients with surgically-induced remisson.2,26... 

It is ineffective or only marginally effective for the claimed use (e.g., using certain heavy metal sludges in concrete when such sludges do not contribute any significant element to the concrete s properties). 

Thus, an excess of ammonia in the reactor has a marginal effect on the primary reaction but significantly decreases the rate of the secondary reactions. Using excess ammonia can also be thought of as operating the reactor with a low conversion with respect to ammonia. 

Finally, it can be noted that there also exist dipolar-dipolar crosscorrelation rates which involve two different dipolar interactions. These quantities may play a role, for instance, in the carbon-13 longitudinal relaxation of a CH2 grouping.11,12 Due to the complexity of the relevant theory and to their marginal effect under proton decoupling conditions, they will be disregarded in the following. 

However, some studies report only marginal effects of early odor exposure on adult odor preference. These contradictory findings may be due to differences either in the behavioral measures or species tested. For example, although Moore, Jordan and Wong (1996) observed decreases in ejaculation latencies similar to those observed by Fillion and Blass (1986), the author found no effect of early odor... 

It can be noted that solvent has only marginal effect on the Fukui functions and hence local site selectivity. A systematic investigation has been made to study the effect of solvation on the local philicity indices of carbonyl compounds using B3LYP scheme employing direct calculation method [55], It is possible to observe from the results that solvation marginally influences the local reactivity profiles. 

BTEX bioremediation projects often focus on overcoming limitations to natural degradative processes associated with the insufficient supply of inorganic nutrients and electron acceptors. However, other limitations associated with the presence and expression of appropriate microbial catabolic capacities may also hinder the effectiveness of bioremediation. Thus, while subsurface addition of oxygen or nitrate has proven sufficient to remove BTEX below detection levels [134,145,292,315,316], it has been only marginally effective at some sites [6]. Sometimes, the concentration of a target BTEX compound fails to decrease below a threshold level even after years of continuous addition of nutrients and electron acceptors [317]. This phenomenon has also been observed for many other xenobiotic and natural substrates under various experimental conditions [327-332]. 

Let us now compare the pA, values (in AN) of the cation-radicals derived from aniline, N-methylaniline, and A-phenylaniline 5.5, 4.2, and 1.8, respectively (Jonsson et al. 1996). An N-methyl substitnent produces only a marginal effect on the pA, valne of the aniline cation-radical. At the same time, the effect of the A-phenyl snbstitnent in aniline is considerable. The phenyl group (electron-withdrawing) effect on the aniline cation-radical acidylation is self-obvious. 

Intermittent loss of control was observed in the high output cases with only marginally effective pulsed fuel injection. Figure 21.14 shows the pressure history... 

Debilitated or small elderly patients - Consider a starting dose of 0.5 mg, although this is only marginally effective in the overall elderly population. 

Palladium/carbon (Pd/C) was also found to be effective in this cross-coupling reaction [38] (Scheme 23). The addition of PPh3 was indispensable, whereas Et3N had a marginal effect in this catalytic system. The amount of Pd (less than 1 mol% of acid chlorides) is much smaller than for the former catalytic systems. 

How one should think of a situation in which the private seller of a patented product is negotiating with a large public insurance system is less clear. Presumably the public insurance system has a demand or marginal benefit curve in mind (since that is the marginal effectiveness part of the... 

Treatment with guanidine may produce clinical improvement within 3 to 4 days. Side effects include paresthesia, gastrointestinal distress, renal tubular necrosis, and hyperirritability. The most serious effect is bone marrow depression, which is dose-related and potentially fatal. Aminopyridines have been used in clinical studies with some positive results. Corticosteroids and plasmapheresis may also be of some benefit, whereas anticholinesterase agents are only marginally effective. 

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