Ethanol-Carbon disulfide

Almost insoluble in water freely soluble in aqueous solutions of iodide. Soluble in benzene, carbon disulfide, ethanol, ethyl ether, cycohexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, glacial acetic acid, and glycerol oils.1... 

Direct solvent extraction is the most widely used oil-recovery method for soybeans, but it also requires considerable capital and large scale to compete. In actual practice, solvent extraction is used to crush over 98% of the soybean processed in the United States. Process flow diagrams are shown in Figures 3 and 4. Most soybean solvent-extraction plants process more than 2,500 MT/day (Figure 5), and some are capable of processing as much as 5,000 MT/day (especially newly constructed plants in Brazil). Direct-solvent-extraction plants smaller than 1,000 MT/day have difficulty competing in the United States. At various times, soybeans have been extracted commercially with petroleum distillate fractions that resemble gasoline, acetone, carbon disulfide, ethanol, trichloroethylene, and even water. 

Long, deep red needles from carbon disulfide + ethanol, from methylene chloride 4 methanol, mp 172-173. Ab-... 

The cis isomer is soluble in benzene, carbon disulfide, ethanol, and iV,A -dimethylformamide, whereas the trans isomer is highly soluble in most organic solvents. 

This dithiocarbonate is prepared in 92% yield by the reaction of ethyl bromo-acetate with carbon disulfide, ethanol, and KOH. 

Pure adiponitrile is a colorless Hquid and has no distinctive odor some properties are shown in Table 5. It is soluble in methanol, ethanol, chloroalkanes, and aromatics but has low solubiUty in carbon disulfide, ethyl ether, and aUphatic hydrocarbons. At 20°C, the solubiUty of adiponitrile in water is ca 8 wt % the solubiUty increases to 35 wt % at 100°C. At 20°C, adiponitrile dissolves ca 5 wt % water. 

Properties. Hydroxyhydroquiaone forms platelets or prisms (mp 140.5°C). The compound is easily soluble ia water, ethanol, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate and is very spariagly soluble ia chloroform, carbon disulfide, benzene, and ligroin. 

Amino-4,6-dichlorophenol. This compound (11) forms long white needles from carbon disulfide, and aggregate spheres from benzene. It sublimes at 70—80°C (8 Pa = 0.06 mm Hg) and decomposes above 109 °C. It is freely soluble in benzene and carbon disulfide, and is sparingly soluble in petroleum ether, water, and ethanol. The free base is unstable and the hydrochloride salt (mp 280—285°C, dec) is employed commercially. 

Ethylene Cyanohydrin. This cyanohydrin, also known as hydracrylonitnle or glycocyanohydrin [109-78-4] is a straw-colored Hquid miscible with water, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and ethanol, and is insoluble in benzene, carbon disulfide, and carbon tetrachloride. Ethylene cyanohydrin differs from the other cyanohydrins discussed here in that it is a P-cyanohydrin. It is formed by the reaction of ethylene oxide with hydrogen cyanide. 

In a 2-1. round-bottomed flask are placed 120 g. (1.83 moles) of 92% ethylenediamine (Note 1), 300 ml. of 95% ethanol, and 300 ml. of water. The flask is attached to an efficient reflux condenser, and 121 ml. of carbon disulfide is placed in a separatory funnel attached to the top of the condenser by means of a notched cork. About 15 to 20 ml. of the carbon disulfide is added, and the flask is shaken to mix the contents. A vigorous reaction takes place (Note 2), and it may be necessary to cool the flask. After the reaction has started, a water bath at 60° is placed under the flask and the balance of the carbon disulfide is added at such a rate that the vapors reflux about one-third the way up the condenser. About 2 hours are required for the addition of the carbon disulfide. At this time the bath temperature is raised to about 100°, and the mixture is allowed to reflux for 1 hour. Then 15 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid is added, and the mixture is refluxed under a good hood (bath at 100°) for 9 to 10 hours. The mixture is cooled in an ice bath, and the product is filtered by suction on a Buchner funnel and washed with 200-300 ml. of cold acetone (Note 3). A yield of 156-167 g. (83-89%) of white crystals is obtained melting at 197-198° (Note 4). 

SO as to end the air mixture to adsorber No. 2. The system is then fully automatic. Solvents which have been successfully recovered by the activated carbon adsorption method include methanol, ethanol, butanol, chlorinated hydrocarbons including perchlorethylene, which boils at 121 C (250 °F), ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, the acetates up to amyl acetate, benzene, toluene, xylene, mineral spirits, naphtha, gasoline, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, hexane, carbon disulfide, and others. 

Any oxidisable substance, such as ethanol, methanol, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde. carbon disulfide, glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate and furfural. 

The key intermediate 2-thioxo-3-phenylquinazohn-4(3H)-one was prepared by adding carbon disulfide and sodium hydroxide solution simultaneously to a vigorously stirred solution of aniline 7 in dimethylsulfoxide over 30 min stirring was then continued for an additional 30 min. Dimethylsulfate was added to the reaction mixture whilst stirring at 5-10°C after which it was stirred for another 2 h and then poured into ice water to obtain a soHd dithiocarbamic acid methylester 6. The compoimd 6 and methylanthranilate 5 when refluxed in ethanol for 18 h yielded the desired 2-thioxo-3-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-one 4. The product obtained was cycUc and not an open chain thiourea 5a. It was confirmed by its value, high melting point, and its... 

Samples are hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and stannous chloride solution at elevated temperature, and the evolved carbon disulfide is drawn with an air steam through two gas washing tubes in series containing lead acetate and sodium hydroxide solutions and an absorption tube containing an ethanolic solution of cupric acetate and diethanolamine. Lead acetate and sodium hydroxide remove hydrogen sulfide and other impurities. In the absorption tube, the carbon disulfide forms two cupric complexes of Af,Af-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamic acid with molecular ratios Cu CS2 of 1 1 and 1 2. These complexes are measured simultaneously by spectrophotometry at 453 nm. 

Carbon disulfide stock standard solution, 25 mg CS2 mL Prepare the standard solution weekly and store it in a refrigerator at 4°C. Weigh about 1.25 g (1.0 mL) of carbon disulfide (with a pipet) in a 50-mL volumetric flask containing 40 mL of ethanol. Reweigh the flask to obtain the exact weight of the carbon disulfide, and adjust the volume to 50 mL with ethanol. Dilute 5.0 mL of this solution to 50 mL with ethanol to obtain a concentration of 2.5mgmL Dilute 5.0 mL of the latter solution to 250 mL with ethanol to obtain a concentration of 25 ag mL . These solutions should be prepared daily. 

After refluxing, disconnect the trapping tube, and transfer the yellow solution into a 25-mL volumetric flask. Rinse the mbe with ethanol, and adjust the solution to volume with ethanol. Measure the absorbance of the solution at 435 nm against a blank prepared by diluting 15 mL of color reagent to 25 mL with ethanol. Determine the carbon disulflde content from a calibration curve obtained by plotting carbon disulfide concentrations of different standard solutions on the abscissa versus the absorbance on the ordinate. 

When solvent extraction was performed, the procedure used by Dutka et al. [406] was followed with a slight modification 2 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 5 ml of 20% (w/v) sodium chloride were added to each litre of water sample. The sample was extracted with vigorous mixing three times with 100 ml each of hexane for 30 min. The combined extract was washed with two 50 ml portions of acetonitrile (saturated with hexane) followed by two 50 ml portions of 70% ethanol. The hexane was then brought to dryness on a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. The sample was re-dissolved in 100-200 pi of carbon disulfide, and 1-5 pi of the solution was used for gas chromatographic analysis. 

The 80.0 g ethanol seems least massive. The 100.0 mL of benzene, with a density less than 1 g/mL, must have a mass less than 100.0 g (it is actually 87 g). On the other hand, 90.0 mL of carbon disulfide, with a density of 1.26 g/mL, should have a mass somewhat in excess of 100.0 g (it is actually 113 g). Thus, 90.0 mL of carbon disulfide is the most massive. 

Treatment of a solution of 2-benzothiazolylthioacetyl hydrazide 386 in ethanol with carbon disulfide in the presence of potassium hydroxide gives the rearrangement product [l,2,4]triazolo[3,4- ]benzothiazole-3-thiol 387 (unreported yield) (Scheme 43). The structure of this compound was confirmed by its analytical and spectroscopic data, and confirmed by unequivocal synthesis from 2-benzothiazolhydrazine 388 under the same experimental conditions <2002MI3, 2002MI4>. 

Reiter and co-workers found in the course of their extended research on fused [l,2,4]triazines <1994JHC997> that the N-protected methylthiotriazine derivative 110 when reacted with carbon disulfide under strongly basic conditions yields a mixture of two products 111 and 112. When this mixture was treated with dibromomethane, product 113 was easily removed from the reaction mixture, and workup of the mother liquor allowed the isolation of the [l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-c][l,3,5]thiadiazine derivative 114 in 49% yield (Scheme 21). The same authors carried out ring closure of the ring-closed semithiocarbazide 115 to the triazolothiadiazine derivative 118 as shown in Scheme 21 <1997JHC1575>. The starting compound was treated with triethyl orthoformiate. The authors assume that first intermediate 116 is formed which cyclizes to a second intermediate 117 and, finally, ethanol elimination yields the isolated product 118. 

Scheme 44 also shows two further synthetic routes to [l,3,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-c][l,2,4]triazinones. Reaction of the 3-mercapto- or 3-methylsulfanyltriazinone 221 (R1 = H or R1 = Me) with a set of isothiocyanates was reported to give the 2-amino-substituted fused ring system 222 in medium to good yield (36-84%) <1997JHC1351>. Derivative 223 was described to undergo cyclization to a fused thiadiazole 224 by treatment with carbon disulfide in the presence of potassium hydroxide in ethanol <2001PHA376>. 

FIGURE 3 2 Solvent extraction efficiencies (EF) as functions of dielectric constants (D), solubility parameters (6), and polarity parameters (P and E -). Solvents studied silicon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, n pentane. Freon 113, cyclopentane, n-hexane, carbon tetradiloride, diethylether, cyclohexane, isooctane, benzene (reference, EF 100), toluene, trichloroethylene, diethylamine, chloroform, triethylamine, methylene, chloride, tetra-hydrofuran, l,4 dioxane, pyridine, 2 propanol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water. Reprinted with permission from Grosjean. ... 

Miscible with ethanol, benzene, chloroform, ether, carbon disulfide (U.S. EPA, 1985), petroleum ether, solvent naphtha, and volatile oils (Yoshida et ah, 1983a). 

Soluble in ethanol, acetone, ether, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ligroin (U.S. EPA, 1985), carbon disulfide, and chloroform (Windholz et ah, 1983)... 

Soluble in ethanol, ether (Weast, 1986), chloroform, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, and benzene (ITII, 1986)... 

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