Carbon dioxide emissions potential

The carbon dioxide emission has been quantified using the apparatus shown in Figure 1. Under controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity the emitted carbon dioxide was continuously trapped in a solution of ethanolamine in dimethylformamide (11) and titrated continuously to a preset potential with tetrabutylammonlum hydroxyde in isopropanol. 

Also, by the very nature of chemical transformations, there are almost always unused chemicals remaining. These chemical leftovers include contaminants in the raw materials, incompletely converted raw materials, unavoidable coproducts, unselective reaction by-products, spent catalysts, and solvents. There have long been efforts to minimize the production of such waste products, and to recover and reuse those that cannot be eliminated. For those that cannot be reused, some different use has been sought, and as a last resort, efforts have been made to safely dispose of whatever remains. The same efforts apply to any leftovers from the production of the energy from the fuels produced or consumed by the processing industries. Of particular immediate and increasing concern are the potential detrimental effects of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion, as discussed further in Chapters 9 and 10. 

When a fuel cell consumes natural gas or other hydrocarbons, it produces some carbon dioxide, though much less than burned fuel. Advanced fuel cells using natural gas, for example, could potentially reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 60% compared to a conventional coal plant and by 25% compared to modern natural gas plants. 

February 2003 Energy White Paper - the White Paper sets out a strategy for the long term, and to give industry the confidence to invest in a truly sustainable energy future. The paper commits to cutting carbon dioxide emissions by 60% by 2050 and notes the need/potential... 

Caldeira, K., and J. F. Kasting, Insensitivity of Global Warming Potentials to Carbon Dioxide Emission Scenarios, Nature, 366, 251-253 (1993). 

One of the main drivers for the use of bioenergy and bioproducts is their potential environmental benefits (e.g. carbon dioxide emission reduction, biodegradability). It is thus essential that we assess the environmental impact of all the energy and chemical products we manufacture (across their life cycle) to make sure that they... 

Potential Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emission in the Aluminum Production... 

A potential upper limit of carbon dioxide used as a raw material has been estimated by Song. This total of 650 million metric tons of carbon dioxide included traditional processes for urea and methanol in addition to plastics, fibers, rubber, and other uses. This total is comparable to carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel power plants. 

Fossil fuels will remain an abundant and affordable energy resource well into the 21st century. Since potential limitations on carbon dioxide emissions may restrict their utilization in the long term, it is imperative that chemical sciences research and engineering focus on making significant... 

By the middle of the 21st century, global energy consumption will more than double from the present rate. To meet this demand under potential worldwide limits on carbon dioxide emissions, cost-effective solar energy must be developed.8... 

Proponents of strong and early carbon dioxide emissions reductions act as if the potential impacts of climate change are comparable. But to obtain international agreement on measures that could entail substantial near-term costs, the dangers avoided must be more compelling than what a leading scientist advocate recently conceded were merely not implausible (Schellnhuber, 1999). 

For fuel applications, a popular SBO derivative is methyl soyate (SBO methyl ester, also known as Soy Gold) (J). This biodiesel has several advantages over diesel fuel from petroleum sources because it is biodegradable, has a high flash combustion temperature, contains negligible amount of sulfur, is neutral with respect to carbon dioxide emission, and can potentially reduce many harmful exhaust emissions. Methyl soyate is also an increasingly useful industrial solvent for grease removal. 

However, there are many factors that inflnence (even act as a deterrent to) coal use in the United States (and in many other countries) bnt the most prominent factor is the environmental impact of coal use—especially carbon dioxide emissions associated with global climate change—which is speculated to pose the greatest potential constraint on future coal utilization (Pittock, 2009 Bell, 2011). Furthermore, the uncertainty abont fntnre requirements to control these environmental impacts can itself act as a constraint on fntnre coal ntilization. 

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