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Carbon Dioxide as a Feedstock

As seen from this review, CO2 diemistry is likely to have its second rebirth when it is extended to systems with transition metal participation. Even the first results disclose numerous possibilities for using CO2 in different chemical processes in the future. The industrial chemist is especially interested in producing usable compounds which are formed from the cheap chemical CO2. Further research should be done on the hydrocarboxylatton reactions of alkenes whereby saturated or unsalurated carboxylic acids are obtained. Aromatics or alkanes with activated hydrogen should also be possible reaction partners of carb(Hi dioxide. Future work will extend our knowledge of the scope of transition metal-C02 chemistry and of the potential uiUity of carbon dioxide as a feedstock for the production of organic chemicals. [Pg.210]

Using carbon dioxide as a feedstock in synthetic chemistry is an important area of green chemistry. It is significantly soluble in water, and water is therefore a good medium for its conversion. However, when it dissolves it forms carbonic acid (Figure 3.13). Considerable efforts have been made to understand this process and control the pH of aqueous-carbon dioxide systems.This is also highly relevant to studies involving supercritical carbon dioxide and water in biphasic catalysis, especially for pH-sensitive enzymes. [Pg.58]

Creutz, C. Fujita, E. Carbon dioxide as a feedstock. In Carbon Management Implications for R D in the Chemical Sciences and Technology Bell, A.T., Marks, T.J., Eds. National Academy Press Washington, DC, 2000. [Pg.1201]

The use of carbon dioxide as a feedstock is getting more and more attention. This is now conveniently referred to a CCUS (Carhon Capture, Utilization, and Storage). However, it is important to realize that for the coming years, mayhe decades, the potential use of CO2 as a raw material has to be established, especially taking into account the amount of CO2 that will become available. A typical coal-fired power plant of 500 MW will produce in the order of 4 to 5 Million tons of CO2 per year. [Pg.23]

Carbon Dioxide as Chemical Feedstock. Edited by Michele A rest.] Copyright 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN 978-3-527-32475-0... [Pg.15]

M. Aresta, In Carbon Dioxide as a Chemical Feedstock, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2010. [Pg.274]

Ballivet-Tkatchenko D, Dibenedetto A (2010) Synthesis of linear and cyclic carbonates. In Aresta M (ed) Carbon dioxide as chemical feedstock. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim... [Pg.30]

Carbon Dioxide as a Renewable Cl Feedstock Synthesis and Characterization of Polycarbonates from the Alternating Copolymerization of Epoxides and CO2... [Pg.116]

Carbon dioxide as a chemical feedstock has been under study for many years. Most of the processes evaluated are highly endothermic and require large amounts of energy input for successful use. Substantial research would be needed to make CO2 a significant feedstock in the chemical industry. [Pg.53]

Formaldehyde and carbon dioxide are the other possible Cl-based building blocks. The application of carbon dioxide as a chemical feedstock is not in the scope of this overview, and presently there is no proposal to produce bio-based formaldehyde. Fiowever, it can easily be obtained from bio-based methanol (Jong, 2012). [Pg.39]

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate. Precipitated calcium carbonate can be produced by several methods but only the carbonation process is commercially used in the United States. Limestone is calcined in a kiln to obtain carbon dioxide and quicklime. The quicklime is mixed with water to produce a milk-of-lime. Dry hydrated lime can also be used as a feedstock. Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through the milk-of-lime in a reactor known as a carbonator. Gassing continues until the calcium hydroxide has been converted to the carbonate. The end point can be monitored chemically or by pH measurements. Reaction conditions determine the type of crystal, the size of particles, and the size distribution produced. [Pg.410]

The feedstocks to the styrene process are ethylbenzene and superheated steam, and a typical unit produces hydrogen, small amounts of light hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide as gaseous products, and a Hquid product stream containing 95% + styrene and minor amounts of toluene, benzene, and other aromatics. In an integrated plant, the benzene can be recycled to the ethylbenzene unit, while the other by-products usually are consumed as fuel for the highly endothermic process. [Pg.198]

If methane is used as a feedstock, it is apparent that, in this case, the possibility exists that carbon dioxide can be used as feedstock and that water can be produced as by-product. Since methane is rich in hydrogen (whereas coal is not),... [Pg.319]

Like natural gas, the producer gas from coal is a clean fuel. Additionally, it is a rich source of chemicals. Coal-derived gas can also be recombined into liquid fuels, including high-grade transportation fuels, and a range of petrochemicals that serve as feedstock workhorses in the chemicals and refining industries. In contrast to conventional combustion, carbon dioxide exits a coal gasifier in a concentrated stream rather than diluted in a high volume of flue gas. This allows the carbon dioxide to be captured more effectively and then used... [Pg.273]

Carbon dioxide can itself be used as a feedstock as well as a solvent for the synthesis of aliphatic polycarbonates by precipitation polymerization. Propylene oxide [39] and 1,2-cyclohexene oxide [40] can both be polymerized with CO2 using a heterogeneous zinc catalyst (Scheme 10.21). [Pg.211]

It should be pointed out that the raw materials for VAM and its related polymers (i.e. ethylene and acetic acid) are produced from fossil resources, mainly crude oil. It is possible to completely substitute the feedstock for these raw materials and switch to ethanol, which can be produced from renewable resources like sugar cane, com, or preferably straw and other non-food parts of plants. Having that in mind, the whole production of PVAc, that nowadays is based on traditional fossil resources, could be switched to a renewable, sustainable and C02-neutral production process based on bioethanol, as shown in Fig. 3. If the vinyl acetate circle can be closed by the important steps of biodegradation or hydrolysis and biodegradation of vinyl ester-based polymers back to carbon dioxide, then a tmly sustainable material circle can be established. [Pg.140]

The desulfurized feedstock is then mixed with superheated steam and passed over a nickel catalyst (730 to 845°C 1350 to 1550°F 400 psi) to produce a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide as well as excess steam. The effluent gases are cooled (to about 370°C 700°F) and passed through a shift converter which promotes reaction of the carbon monoxide with stream to yield carbon dioxide and more hydrogen. The shift converter may contain two beds of catalyst with interbed cooling the combination of the two catalyst beds promotes maximum conversion of the carbon monoxide. This is essential in the event that a high-purity product is required. [Pg.407]

The input chemicals are carbon dioxide and water, while the output is oxygen and carbohydrates. The latter serve as a feedstock for other organic products such as wood, coal, oil, and gas constituting the World s fossil fuel reserves. It is estimated that about lO tons of carbon dioxide are assimilated annually by plants on Earth, whereby the amount of solar energy harvested by natural photosynthesis is 3 x 10 kJ, corresponding to the continuous generation of 90000 GW of electrical power. [Pg.3767]

The reforming process (as applied to a hydrocarbon or alcohol) yields a product stream that consists predominantly of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water, unconverted feedstock, and trace by-products. This product stream mixture, called reformate, is unsuitable for direct use in low-temperature PEMFC and AFC, and some trace by-products (notably organosulfur compounds) will poison both high-temperature fuel cells and low-temperature fuel cells. A membrane for separating and purifying hydrogen from reformate must also be chemically compatible with the compounds in the reformate stream. [Pg.378]


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