Endoscopy capsule

Chutkan R, Toubia N Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gastrointestinal tract Diagnosis by wireless capsule endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2004 14 67-85. 

Ell, C., Remke, S., May, A., Helon, L., Henrich, R., Mayer, G. The first prospective controlled trial comparing wireless capsule endoscopy with push enteroscopy in chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy 2002 34 685 - 689... 

There is an evolving role for capsule endoscopy (an encapsulated camera swallowed by the patient that takes pictures of the Gl tract) in the assessment of the small bowel. 

Capsule endoscopy allows the visualization of the small intestine, and consists of a vitamin-pill-sized video camera that is... 

News from Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville. Capsule endoscopy goes where few endoscopes have gone before, 2002. http www.mayocUnic.org/ news2002-jax/1432.html. Accessed August 29, 2003. 

A 38-year-old man developed rectal bleeding and syncope. He had a history of idiopathic thrombocytopenia but had never previously complained of bleeding. Capsule endoscopy showed areas of petechial hemorrhage and erosions in the small bowel. He worked as a farmer and had prepared animal fodder that contained acetylsalicylic acid, of which he had inhaled a substantial amount. After he recovered, there was no recurrence of bleeding, despite persistent thrombocytopenia. 

Hainaux B, Agneessens E, Bertinotti R et al (2006) Accuracy of MDCT in predicting site of gastrointestinal tract perforation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 187 1179-1183 Kara AK, Leighton JA, Virender K et al (2005) Imaging of small bowel disease comparison of capsule endoscopy,... 

G. Iddan, G. Meron, A. Glukhovsky, and P. Swain, "Wireless capsule endoscopy," Nature,... 

Endoscopes are important medical instruments that produce images of the interior surfaces of cavities in human bodies, for example the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including the esophagus, stomach, colon, and part of the small bowel joint spaces abdominal cavity thorax and other structures. In recent years, through technical improvements like wireless capsule endoscopy [32] and robotic surgery [33], minimally invasive surgery has become a common treatment. 

A. Moglia, A. Menciassi, M. O. Schurr, and P. Dario, "Wireless capsule endoscopy from diagnostic devices to multipurpose robotic systems," Biomedical Microdevices, vol. 9, pp. 235-243, Apr 2007. 

Synthetic jets have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their potential application in flow control (see Fig. 4), in particular performance control of aerodynamic surfaces through fluidic modification of their apparent aerodynamic shape. Application of synthetic jets can move the local streamlines in the vicinity of a synthetic jet and cause an apparent modification in the shape of the boundary. Such shape modifications are often achieved by operating a synthetic jet at timescales that are below the characteristic time scales of the mean flow. Synthetic jets are also employed for forced cooling of electronic devices, steering mechanism for capsule endoscopy, thrust generation, and jet noise reduction, among others. 

A 22-year-old man who had taken isotretinoin 20 mg bd for 5 days for nodular acne developed melena. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed edema and hyperemia of the gastric mucosa of the body and antrum. Flexible sigmoidoscopy showed edema and hyperemia of the mucosa of the rectum and sigmoid colon, with numerous erosions. To exclude the possibility of small bowel involvement, he underwent video capsule endoscopy, which showed diffuse and extensive intestinal inflammation with aphthae and multiple linear, irregular-shaped jejunal ulcers. Isotretinoin was withdrawn and he had a complete resolution. 

Conventional endoscopy is unable to satisfactorily access the small bowel. The relatively new technique of capsule endoscopy is, however, finding application in that context. In this technique, the patient swallows a small wireless camera that transmits images to sensors secured to the abdominal wall. There appears to be little agreement about preparatory treatment of the small bowel with simethicone before the use of capsule endoscopy. A search through relevant databases revealed six controlled trials favoring such treatment with respect to alternatives [31-36] and only two indicating a preference for alternative treatments [37,38]. 

Comparison between celecoxib and meloxicam with respect to smaU-bowel injury was done in a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial among 29 healthy subjects. They were randomized to receive celecoxib (200 mg twice daily) or meloxicam (10 mg once daily) for two weeks. The incidence and number of small-bowel mucosal injuries (bleedings, ulcers and erosions) as detected by capsule endoscopy were compared between both NSAID groups. The incidence of small-bowel... 

Goldstein JL, Eisen GM, Lewis B, Gratnek IM, Aisenberg J, Bhadra P, et al. Small bowel mucosal injury is reduced in healthy subjects treated with celecoxib compared with ibuprofen plus omeprazole, as assessed by video capsule endoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther May 15, 2007 25(10) 1211-22. 

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