Capillary electrophoresis molecular mass determination

Tsuji, K. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel- and replaceable polymer-filled capillary electrophoresis for molecular mass determination of proteins of interest. J. Chromatogr. A, 666, 294, 1994a. 

Besides affinity chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis can easily be coupled to an ESI high-performance RTOF mass spectrometer. The high accuracy achievable in molecular mass determination by newly developed reflectron mass spectrometers makes the assignment of isomeric glycoproteins feasible [93] and can furthermore be a powerful tool to discriminate between different serologically relevant molecules. 

A. R. Ivanov, I. V. Nazimov, and L. Baratova, Determination of biologically-active low-molecular-mass thiols in human blood. II. High-performance capillary electrophoresis with photometric detection, J. Chromatogr. A 895, 167-171 (2000). 

Synthetic polyelectrolytes can be separated by capillary electrophoresis applying the same rules derived for the electrophoresis of biopolymers. In the reptation regime, determination of the molecular mass and polydispersity of the polyelectrolytes is possible. Introduction of chromophores facilitates the detection of non-UV-absorbing polymers. Indirect detection techniques can probably be applied when analytes and chromophores of similar mobilities are available. 

Coupling mass spectrometry (MS) to capillary electrophoresis provides detection and identihcation of amino acids, peptides, and proteins based on the accurate determination of their molecular masses [15]. The most critical part of coupling MS to CE is the interface technique employed to transfer the sample components from the CE capillary column into the vacuum of the MS. Electrospray ionization (ESI) is the dominant interface which allows a direct coupling under atmospheric pressure conditions. Another distinguishing features of this soft ionization technique when applied to the analysis of peptides and proteins is the generation of a series of multiple charged, intact ions. 

Capillary isoelectric focusing coupled to mass spectrometry has gained popularity in recent years (by analogy to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis). Additional information obtained from mass spectrometry includes not only precise molecular-weight determination but also the possiblity for peptide sequencing. Analysis of hemoglobin variants, recombinant proteins, and monoclonal antibodies have been demonstrated [1,7,8]. 

Analytical techniques used to measure RBCs and their indices, Hb, and related compounds include determining a CBC, electrophoresis, immunoassay, molecular techniques, and sensitive separation techniques, such as HPLC, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis. 

YM Dunayevskiy, P Vouros, EA Wintner, GW Shipps, T Carell, J Rebek Jr. Application of capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the determination of molecular diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 6152-6157, 1996. 

A number of less commonly used analytical techniques are available for determining PAHs. These include synchronous luminescence spectroscopy (SLS), resonant (R)/nonresonant (NR)-synchronous scan luminescence (SSL) spectrometry, room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), ultraviolet-resonance Raman spectroscopy (UV-RRS), x-ray excited optical luminescence spectroscopy (XEOL), laser-induced molecular fluorescence (LIMP), supersonic jet/laser induced fluorescence (SSJ/LIF), low- temperature fluorescence spectroscopy (LTFS), high-resolution low-temperature spectrofluorometry, low-temperature molecular luminescence spectrometry (LT-MLS), and supersonic jet spectroscopy/capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SJS/SFC) Asher 1984 Garrigues and Ewald 1987 Goates et al. 1989 Jones et al. 1988 Lai et al. 1990 Lamotte et al. 1985 Lin et al. 1991 Popl et al. 1975 Richardson and Ando 1977 Saber et al. 1991 Vo-Dinh et al. 1984 Vo- Dinh and Abbott 1984 Vo-Dinh 1981 Woo et al. 1980). More recent methods for the determination of PAHs in environmental samples include GC-MS with stable isotope dilution calibration (Bushby et al. 1993), capillary electrophoresis with UV-laser excited fluorescence detection (Nie et al. 1993), and laser desorption laser photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of direct determination of PAH in solid waste matrices (Dale et al. 1993). 

Dabek-Zlotorzynska, E., and Maruszak, W., Determination of dimethylamine and other low-molecular-mass amines using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection, J. Chromatogr., 714, 77-85, 1998. 

Klampfl, C. W. and Buchherger, W., Determination of low-molecular-mass organic acids by capillary zone electrophoresis, TrAC—Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 16, 221-229, 1997. 

Cortacero-Ramirez, S., Segura-Carretero, A., Hernainz-Bermudez de Castro, M., and Ferndndez-Gutifeez, A., Determination of low-molecular-mass organic acids in any type of beer samples by coelectroosmotic capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, 1064, 115, 2005. 

E. Dabek-Zlotorzynska, M. Piechowski, M. McGrath and E.P.C. Lai, Determination of low-molecular-mass carboxylic acids in atmospheric aerosol and vehicle emission samples by capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, 910, 331-345, 2001. 

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