Capillary electrophoresis-mass development

A. J. Tomlinson and S. Naylor, Systematic development of on-line membrane preconcentration-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry foi analysis of peptide mixtures, J. Capillary Electrophoresis 225-233 (1995). 

Monton, M. R. N., and Terabe, S. (2005). Recent developments in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry of proteins and peptides. Anal. Sci. 21, 5 — 13. 

Schmitt-Kopplin, P., and Frommberger, M. (2003). Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry 15 years of developments and applications. Electrophoresis 24, 3837—3867. 

Bemet, P., Blaser, D., Berger, S., and Schaer, M. (2004). Development of a robust capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometer interface with a floating sheath liquid feed. Chimia (Aarau) 58, 196-199. 

Li, M. X. Wu, J. T. Parus, S. Lubman, D. M. 1998. Development of a three-dimensional topographic map display for capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry with an ion trap/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer detector applications to tryptic digests of isoforms of myelin basic protein. ./. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 9,701-709. 

Schmitt-Kopplin P, Englmann M (2005). Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry survey on developments and applications 2003-2004. Electrophoresis. 26 1209-1220. 

Figure 6.6 Schematic drawing of commonly used CE-ESi-MS interfacing sheath-flow and sheathless coupling [5], Reproduced from Mischak, H., Coon, j.j., Novak, ]., Weissinger, E.M., Schanstra, ].R, Dominiczak, A.E (2009) Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry as a Powerful Tool in Biomarker Discovery and Clinical Diagnosis an Update of Recent Developments. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 28 703-724 with permission from John Wiley and Sons...

Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry as a Powerful Tool in Biomarker Discovery and Clinical Diagnosis an Update of Recent Developments. Mass Spec-trom. Rev. 28 703-724. 

ESI-MS is the most successful method of coupling a condensed phase separation technique to a mass spectrometer. Because the input to ESI is a liquid, electrospray serves as an interface between the mass spectrometer and liquid chromatographic techniques, including SEC and CE (capillary electrophoresis). In LC-MS the flow-rate should lie in the range recommended for the HPLC pump and the mass spectrometer (typically 0.001 -l.OmLmin-1). Recent advances in (nano)electrospray technology include the development of the use of very low solvent flow-rates (30 to 1000nLmin-1) [130,131],... 

Li, J. Thibault, P. Martin, A. Richards, J. C. Wakarchuk, W. W. der Wilp, W. Development of an on-line preconcentration method for the analysis of pathogenic lipopolysaccharides using capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry—Application to small colony isolates. J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 817, 325-336. 

Bergstrom, S.K., Samskog, J., Markides, K.E. (2003). Development of a poly(dimethylsilox-ane) interface for on-line capillary column liquid chromatography-capillary electrophoresis coupled to sheathless electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 75, 5461-5467. 

Parallel to the development of mass spectrometric instrumentation and methodologies, the improvements of separation techniques, such as gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), and of their coupling with MS allowed the study of complex mixtures, that are generally encountered in most studies. 

Over the past two decades, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and related techniques have rapidly developed for the separation of a wide range of analytes, ranging from large protein molecules to small inorganic ions. Gas chromatography has been considered as a powerful tool due to its sensitivity and selectivity, especially when coupled with mass spectrometry. Nevertheless, liquid chromatography is the most used method to separate and analyze phenolic compounds in plant and tissue samples. 

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a miniaturized separation technique that combines aspects of both interactive chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. In this chapter, the theory of CEC and the factors affecting separation such as the stationary phase and mobile phase parameters have been discussed. The chapter focuses on the types and preparation of columns for CEC and describes the progress made in the development of open-tubular, particle-packed, and monolithic columns. The detection techniques in CEC such as the traditional UV detection and improvements made in coupling with more sensitive detectors such as mass spectrometry are also described. The chapter provides a summary of some applications of CEC in the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology products. 

Recent developments in capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE—MS) are reviewed from over 400 references covering the significant challenges, issues, and results obtained with CE—MS analyses. 

Schmitt-Kopplin, P., and Englmann, M. (2005). Capillary electrophoresls-mass spectrometry Survey on developments and applications 2003—2004. Electrophoresis 26, 1209—1220. 

Alexander, J. N., Schultz, G. A., and Polll, J. B. (1998). Development of a nano-electrospray mass spectrometry source for nanoscale liquid chromatography and sheathless capillary electrophoresis. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 12, 1187—1191. 

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