Candida comparisons

Tilbury, R. N., and Quickenden, T. I. (1992). Luminescence from the yeast Candida utilis and comparisons across three genera. J. Biolumin. Chemi-lumin. 7 245-255. 

Altered tissue distribution of amphotericin B by liposomal encapsulation Comparison of normal mice and mice infected with Candida albicans. Cancer Drug Deliv., 1, 199-205. 

LEMAR K M, TURNER M p, LLOYD D (2002) Garlic (AlHum sativum) as an anti-Candida agent a comparison of the efficacy of fresh garlic and freeze-dried extracts. JAppl Microbiol. 93 398-405. 

Candida boidinii (CCY 29-37-13) was obtained as an isolate from contaminated colunm of immobilized polygalacturonase, where 0.5% sodium pectate in 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH 4.6 was used as a substrate. Four other strains for comparison were obtained from Culture Collection of Yeasts, Institute of Chemistry (strains CCY 29-37-1, CCY 29-37-2, CCY 29-37-8, CCY 29-37-12). 

The data presented in Table 3, which includes the amino acid composition of baker s yeast and Candida krusei cytochrome c for comparison, show that Ustilago and Neurospora cytochrome c contain the same number of total residues. In seven instances, the number of residues of a particular amino acid/mole are identical. Thus, even in the absence of a sequence for the Ustilago cytochrome it can be concluded that this protein, unlike the siderochromes, has suffered little alteration in the progression from the Ascomycetes to the Basidiomycetes. This can be ascribed to the varying function of the two types of molecules. Cytochrome c must fit into a relatively specific slot bounded by a reductase and an oxidase and it has hence evolved much more slowly than the more freely acting transport agents where the specificity constraints are less demanding. 

Trosken, E.R., Adamska, M., Arand, M., Zarn, J.A., Patten, G., Volkel, W. and Lutz, W.K. (2006) Comparison of lanosterol-14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of human and Candida albicans for inhibition by different antifungal azoles. Toxicology, 228, 24-32. 

Inulinase Candida kefyr Comparison of cross-flow filtration, RME, expanded-bed adsorption techniques for DSP [88]... 

Initially, kinetic resolutions of 2-(trimethylsilyl)-5-[l -(2, 2, 2 -trifluoro-l -hydroxy-ethyl)]furan with a wide variety of lipases and vinyl alkanoates were examined in 1,2-dichloroethane. On the basis of these results, the system consisting of an enzyme (Novozym 435, Candida antarctica, Novo Nordisk Co. Ltd.) and vinyl propionate was sufficient to obtain optical pure alcohol and ester with a high -value. Moderate effect on the optical purity was observed on changing the organic solvents. Obviously, Novozym 435-CH2ClCH2Cl system is the most convenient practical system for obtaining the optically pure alcohol and the ester on the basis of comparison of the reaction time and the -value. 

In a direct comparison of the reduction of acetophenone to highly enantio-en-riched (R)-phenylethanol (94% e.e.) by heterogenized (S)-diphenyloxazaborolidine (Corey-Itsuno catalyst) or to enantiomerically pure (S)-phenylethanol (> 99% e.e.) by Candida parapsilosis carbonyl reductase (CPCR), the superior solubility of acetophenone in THF (0.25 m) versus water (0.04 m) leads to a vastly superior space-time yield of 290 g (L d) 1 in THF with the Corey-Itsuno catalyst in comparison with 27 g (L d) 1 in water with CPCR (Rissom, 1999). Conversely, the turnover frequencies (tofs) of 0.3 min-1 (Corey-Itsuno catalyst) versus 2.3 x 104 min-1 (CPCR) portend the difference in total turnover number (TTNs) of 2.4 x 108 versus 560. 

It is generally stated that biocatalysis in organic solvents refers to those systems in which the enzymes are suspended (or, sometimes, dissolved) in neat organic solvents in the presence of enough aqueous buffer (less than 5%) to ensure enzymatic activity. However, in the case of hydrolases water is also a substrate and it might be critical to find the water activity (a ) value to which the synthetic reaction (e.g. ester formation) can be optimized. Vahvety et al. [5] found that, in some cases, the activity of Candida rugosa lipase immobihzed on different supports showed the same activity profile versus o but a different absolute rate. With hpase from Burkholderia cepacia (lipase BC), previously known as lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia, and Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) it was found that the enzyme activity profile versus o and even more the specific activity were dependent on the way the enzyme was freeze dried or immobihzed [6, 7]. A comparison of the transesterification activity of different forms of hpase BC or CALB can be observed in Tables 5.1 and 5.2, respectively. 

In vitro studies and experiments in animals have given conflicting results relating to potential antagonism between the effects of fluconazole and amphotericin on Candida species (149). However, large, randomized, doubleblind comparisons of fluconazole with and without amphotericin for 5 days in non-neutropenic patients with candidemia showed no evidence of antagonism, but faster clearance of the organism from the blood and a trend toward an improved outcome in those who received the combination (151). 

Smit, C.E. and Van Gestel, C.A.M. (1996) Comparison of the toxicity of zinc for the springtail Folsomia Candida in artificially contaminated and polluted field soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 3, 127-136. 

Toxicity. Initial assessment of the toxicity of these aryl dye molecules using a modification of the agar disk diffusion antibiotic sensitivity was inconclusive because of the limited diffusion of the compound and its intense binding to the cellulose disks. Liquid cultures supplemented with 1 mg of aryl dye dissolved in 1 ml of DMF were used to assay toxicity. Comparison of the growth of Candida lipolvtica (GSU 37-1) and Candida maltosa (GSU R-42) was made by observing the optical density at 595 nm in a Turner spectrophotometer model 380. Determination of the absorption by compound was made for uninoculated GYNB. The increase in absorbance in cultures with and without analogue was compared. 

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