Candida albicans clotrimazole

The answer is d. (Hardman, pp 1183-1184.) Mucocutaneous infections, most commonly Candida albicans, involve the moist skin and mucous membranes. Agents used topically include amphotericin B, nystatin, miconazole, and clotrimazole. Ketoconazole and fluconazole are administered orally in pill form for treatment of chronic infections... 

Clotrimazole is an imidazole antifungal agent indicated for the treatment of fungal infections caused by Candida albicans. The administration of clotrimazole would be of no use in the treatment of infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Staphylcoccus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. 

Mucocutaneous infections caused primarily by the fungus Candida albicans occm in regions of moist skin and mucous membranes (i.e. gastrointestinal tract, perianal, and vulvovaginal areas). Amphotericin B, miconazole, clotrimazole, and nystatin are used topically to treat such infections. For chronic infections, ketoconazole is taken orally. 

Topical azole derivatives include the imidazoles bifonazole, clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, oxiconazole, lanoconazole, flutrima-zole and sertaconazole. These drugs show activity against the dermatophytes Epidermophyton, Mi-crosporum and Trichophyton. They are also effective against the yeasts Candida albicans and Pityrospo-rum orbiculare. Local side effects include pruritus, erythema and local irritation. Allergic dermatitis is rare. 

The topical imidazoles, which currently include clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, oxiconazole, sulconazole, and sertaconazole, have a wide range of activity against dermatophytes (epidermophyton, microsporum, and trichophyton) and yeasts, including Candida albicans and Pityrosporum orbiculare (see Chapter 48). 

Antifungal topical preparations Butenafine, 1% (cream) apply to affected areas once daily Lotrimin Ultra Effective for the treatment of tinea pedis (athlete s foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), and tinea corporis (ringworm). Clotrimazole and miconazole also effective against Candida albicans. Clinicians should be aware that products carrying the same brand name do not... 

Clotrimazole, 1% (cream, lotion, solution), apply to affected areas twice daily Lotrimin AF Cream/Lotion/Solution, Mycelex OTC Clotrimazole and miconazole also effective against Candida albicans. 

When Candida albicans was treated with bifonazole or clotrimazole, the expected accumulation of the ergosterol precursor 24-methy-lenedihydrolanosterol was observed (Figure 17). This was an indication that both compounds inhibit the cytochrome P -dependent C -demethylation. Using 2.5 ug /ml clotrimazole, dihydrolanosterol accumulates, which is known to regulate the HMG-CoA-reductase by a... 

Figure 17. Distribution of sterols in Candida albicans after incubation with clotrimazole and bifonazole.

High cerbiden activity against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida parapsitosis and Candida guilliermondii sensitive and resistant to nystatin, amphotericin C and clotrimazole was detected. 

Antimicrobial activity on Candida albicans ATCC 90028 has been reported for amphiphilic -CyD nanospheres loaded with bifonazole and clotrimazole [56]. When drug-loaded amphiphiUc fi-CyD nanospheres are incubated with C. albicans, a synergistic effect is observed. Indeed, MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concen-... 

Clotrimazole is a triphenylmethylimidazole, a broad-spectrum drug that is mainly restricted to topical applications (creams, lotions, lozenges) though it is orally active because of rapid metabolism, gastric disturbances, and other untoward effects. Its low MIC against most dermatophytes (0.5-2 Jig/ml) and many isolates of C. albicans (0.1-0.5 ig/ml) make this drug widely used. Both cutaneous and vaginal Candida infections respond well. 

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