Cancer urothelial

Cases of cancer progression among diagnosed with prostate cancer Urothelial cancers... 

Bellmunt J, Guillem V, Paz-Ares L, et al. Gemcitabine/paclitaxel-based three-drug regimens in advanced urothelial cancer. Eur J Cancer 2000 36 Suppl 2 17-25. 

Moore MJ, Tannock IF, Ernst DS, Huan S, Murray N. Gemcitabine a promising new agent in the treatment of advanced urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 1997 12 3441-3445. 

Stadler WM, Kuzel T, Roth B, Raghavan D, Dorr FA. Phase II study of single-agent gemcitabine in previously untreated patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 1997 11 3394—3398. 

Moore MJ, Winquist EW, Murray N, et al. Gemcitabine plus cisplatin, an active regimen in advanced urothelial cancer a phase II trial of the N ational Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 1999 9 2876-2881. 

N. Rothman, G. Talaska, R. B. Hayes, V.K. Bhatnagar, D.A. Bell, V.M. Lakshmi, S.K. Kashyap, M. Dosemeci, R. Kashyap, F.F. Hsu, M. Jaeger, A. Hirvonen, D.J. Par-ikh, B.B. Davis, T.V. Zenser, Acidic Urine pH is Associated with Elevated Levels of Free Urinary Benzidine and IV-Acetylbenzidine and Urothelial Cell DNA Adducts in Exposed Workers , Cancer Epidemiol., Biomarkers Prev., 6,1039-1042 (1997). 

Santos, L., Amaro, T., Costa, C., Pereira, S., Bento, M.J., Lopes, P., Oliveira, J., Criado, B., and Lopes, C. 2003. Ki-67 index enhances the prognostic accuracy of the urothelial superficial bladder carcinoma risk group classification. Int. J. Cancer 105, 267-272. 

Larotaxel (XRP-9881, RPR 109881A) 59 (Sanofi-Aventis) is undergoing Phase III trials in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who had been previously treated with gemcitabine, as well as in combination with cisplatin to treat locally advanced/metastatic urothelial tract or bladder cancer.124 A Phase III trial for the treatment of advanced breast cancer has been completed. Larotaxel 59129>130 js a semi-synthetic derivative of 10-deacetyl baccatin III with a docetaxel-like side chain that has a low affinity for the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump, an efflux mechanism that diminishes the effectiveness of the marketed drugs paclitaxel 60 and docetaxel. Importantly, this low affinity should enable larotaxel 59 to be effective in tumours resistant to paclitaxel 60... 

Steineck G, Plato N, Gerhardsson M, et al. 1990. Increased risk of urothelial cancer in Stockholm during 1985-87 after exposure to benzene and exhausts. Int J Cancer 45 1012-1017. 

Gemcitabine is an S-phase-specific pyrimidine nucleoside analogue of deoxycytidine (2, 2 -difluorodeoxycytidine) that is structurally similar to cytosine arabinoside. It has been used to treat metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, pancreatic cancer, and some other solid tumors. 

Inglis JA, Tolley DA, Grigor KM. Allergy to mitomycin C complicating topical administration for urothelial cancer. Br J Urol 1987 59(6) 547-9. 

Studies on the tumor-inducing effects of heavy use of analgesics, especially those that contain phenacetin, have given contrasting results (SEDA-21, 100) (56,57). Two case-control studies have been published on the role of habitual intake of analgesics on the occurrence of urothelial cancer and renal cell carcinoma. 

Pommer W, Bronder E, Klimpel A, Helmert U, Greiser E, Molzahn M. Urothelial cancer at different tumour sites role of smoking and habitual intake of analgesics and laxatives. Results of the Berlin Urothelial Cancer Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999 14(12) 2892-7. 

A further bladder follow-up of these kidney recipients (cystoscopy and biopsies per 6 months) resulted in the diagnosis of 8 urothelial carcinoma in situ, 4 non-invasive low-grade papillary urothehal carcinoma and 3 infiltrating urothelial cancer, 68 to 169 months after cessation of AA exposure (cumulative incidence of 39.5%). Despite local and/or systemic chemotherapy, 3 patients died and 2 radical cystectomies had to be performed [41]. 

Urothelial cancer seemed to be a late complication of CHN since all the cases had been detected in patients with ESRD. However, the observahon of a generalized urinary tract cancer in a 69 year old woman after intake of Chinese herbal medicine containing aristolochic acids but without a significant renal failure suggests that a dissociation between carcinogenicity and nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acids is possible [42]. 

Radovanovic Z, Velimirovic D, NaumovicT. Upper urothelial tumours and the Balkan nephropathy - Inference from the study of a family pedigree. Eur J Cancer 1990 26 391 -2. 

Markovic N, Ignjatovic I, Cukuranovic R, Petrovic B, Kocic B, Stefanovic V. Decreasing Incidence of urothelial cancer in a Balkan endemic nephropathy region in Serbia. A surgery based study from 1969 to 1998. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2005 53 26-9. 

In the US, a workplace study of exposure to benzidine and its congeners, such as 10b, 10c and lOd, at the chemical facility of Upjohn (previously Carwin Company), located at North Haven, Connecticut, between 1965 (when benzidine manufacture ceased) and 1989, indicated a statistically significant increase in the standardized incidence ratio125. The impact of interindividual variation in NAT2 activity on urinary metabolites and urothelial DNA adducts in workers has been examined126. Phenyl-2-naphthylamine (37), and perhaps chemicals used in its manufacture, have been implicated as possible causes of bladder cancer, based on studies of workers at a factory in North Wales. Other amines investigated... 

NSC 109724 Asta 4942 Ifex Mitoxana and many other names) is related to cyclophosphamide, and also is an (alkylating) cytotoxic ANTICANCER and immunosuppressant AGENT. It works by interfering with cellular DNA and so inhibits cell replication. It is particularly used for testicular cancer, and is routinely used simultaneously with mesna (which reduces the urothelial toxicity), i-inositol myo-inositol. 

A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, UroVysion, uses fluorescently labeled probes to detect aneu-ploidy of chromosomes 3,7, and 17, and deletion of the 9p21 locus that contains the tumor suppressor pi6, which is the most common alteration seen in urothelial carcinoma. Table 23-13 compares cytology with that of UroVysion for the detection of bladder cancer. 

Normal human urine contains both squamous cells from the distal urethra, and urothelial cells from the Uning of the bladder. The former ceU type may be further subdivided into glycogen-containing and glycogen-free squamous cells. Here, we aim to establish that IR spectral methods, followed by multivariate data analysis, can distinguish between these cells types. Our ultimate intention is to establish this methodology as a low-cost, automated test for bladder cancer. 

Prostatic involvement by urothelial carcinoma can result from direct invasion of an infiltrating bladder cancer into prostate stroma, as well as through extension of urothelial tumor through intraductal route with or without subsequent stromal invasion of the prostate. 37... 

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