Cytology, comparative

A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, UroVysion, uses fluorescently labeled probes to detect aneu-ploidy of chromosomes 3,7, and 17, and deletion of the 9p21 locus that contains the tumor suppressor pi6, which is the most common alteration seen in urothelial carcinoma. Table 23-13 compares cytology with that of UroVysion for the detection of bladder cancer. 

Such differences in comparative cytology can provide a basis for the exercise of selectivity in drugs and other agents. Nowhere is this more evident than in bacteria whose small size, compared to eukaryotic cells, leaves no space for a nucleus or even one mitochondrion. In place of a nucleus, the DNA is gathered into a single chromosome, laced through the plasma membrane in place of... 

Wolfel, L., Mach, F. Chattopadhyay, S. P. (1985). Comparative cytological studies on the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on bacterial cells Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie, 140, 631-9. 

Wolf, P. A. and Sterner, P. W., 1972. 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamdie, a compound with slimicidal activity. Appl Microbiol 24(4), 581-4. Wolfel, L., Mach, F. and Chattopadhyay, S. P., 1985. Comparative cytological studies on the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on bacterial cells. Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie 140, 631-9. 

A basic aim of chemotherapy is clearly to obtain a selective effect between a normal host cell and the invading cell, be it bacterial, protozoal, or cancerous. This selectivity may be achieved by differences in distribution, comparative biochemistry, or comparative cytology [1], the damage induced eventually rendering the attacked cell more susceptible to the host s defense mechanisms. 

Cancer, Much of the most effective treatment of cancer with drugs depends on comparative cytology. Cancer cells are normally highly-specialized cells which have lost some or all of their differentiation. In short, they have regressed to a much simpler, more primitive type of cell which (unlike the normal parent) divides continuously though inefficiently. Because a much higher proportion of cancer cells are actively... 

---