Cancer Testicles

Androgens are used for therapy of androgen-deficient conditions such as hypofunctioning testicles, eunuchism and eunuchoidism, castration, impotence, climacteric conditions, and also for breast and ovarian cancer in women under 60 years. 

In contrast to the high degree of specificity of oestrogen receptors, the receptors for androgens are not as well-defined. Nevertheless, a paper published in London more than 200 years ago [492] reported that a high incidence of cancer of the scrotum and testicles was detected among chimney-sweeps. This disease could be associated with the chronic contact with soot. It is well known that the androgen, testosterone, is formed and accumulated mainly in the testes. 

Anticancer Drugs Anticancer drugs and their metal complexes appear as cis- and trans-isomers. The ds-isomers of the dichlordiaminoplatin(II) cis-DDP) and the tetrachlordiaminoplatin(IV) are known as the most effective complexes. The former ds-isomer of platinum(Pt II) has a large application in the treatment of cancer of the ovaries and testicles. Trans-complexes have shown toxicity and do not possess non-anticancer action. 

Siimes MA, Rautonen J. Small testicles with impaired production of sperm in adult male survivors of childhood malignancies. Cancer 1990 65(6) 1303-6. 

Women with or at risk for hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer should begin annual endometrial biopsy starting at age 35. To include examination for cancers of the mouth, thyroid, testicles, skin, lymph nodes, and ovaries, as well as health counseling about tobacco, sun exposure, diet and nutrition, risk factors, sexual practices, and environmental and occupational exposures. From The American Cancer Society. ... 

Germinoma - cancer derived from germ cells, normally found in the testicle and ovary... 

In studies with laboratory animals, a single dose of nitrobenzene fed to male rats resulted in damage to the testicles and decreased levels of sperm. This suggests that decreased fertility may be a concern in humans. There is very little information available about the effects of long-term exposure of humans or animals to nitrobenzene, and it is not known whether exposure to nitrobenzene can cause cancer. 

These highly positive results led Beatson to speculate that certain male cancers, most notably prostatic cancer, might also be under the control of the male secretory organs the testes I think that it is possibly in the direction of an altered condition of the ovary and testicles that we are to look for the real exciting cause of cancer. Beatson s speculations have proved to be remarkably perceptive with regard to the two major hormone-dependent cancers -those of the breast and prostate. 

Testicular cancer develops in the testicles and, according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), accounts only for approximately 1% of all cancers in men. Compared with prostate cancer, testicular cancer is relatively rare. It is most common among males between 15 and 40 years of age and is approximately fourfold more common in white men than in black men. 

As the name suggests, these chemicals cause changes in the endocrine system of humans and animals. The specific human effects include low sperm counts, incidence of undescended testicles, and increased susceptibiUty to testicular and prostrate cancer. 

Although rarely used, another urological prosthetic is an artificial testicle, a saline-filled silicone ball that when implanted, mimics the appearance and movement of a natural testicle. It was developed for use in reconstructive surgery on men whose testicle had been removed in the treatment of cancer. It carries a risk of rupture from a sports injury, and one in three cases requires a surgical adjustment within the first year. This prosthetic is not medically necessary and serves only a cosmetic purpose. Perhaps a model will be developed that will provide long-term delivery of testosterone. 

Most penile metastases originate from the genital apparatus or from the lower urinary tract (Belville and Cohen 1992). In the past, bladder tumor was considered the major source responsible for penile metastases, but a relatively recent revision of the literature pointed out that most secondary penile tumors originate from prostate cancer (Perez et al. 1992). Tumors from different organs, however, can be involved, such as renal, testicle, bowel and rectum, lung, skin and bone malignancies. The reason why penile metastases are rare despite rich penile vascularization remains unexplained. 

Use of anabolic steroids in attempting to improve athletic strength can cause numerous side effects in males—a reduction in testicle size, low sperm count and infertility, male pattern baldness, and breast development in females—facial hair, deepening of the voice, male pattern baldness, breast atrophy, and menstrual dysfunction. Possible long-term consequences of anabolic steroid use in both men and women include liver disease and tumors, depression, and heart complications, with an increased risk of prostate cancer for men. 

It is known that chemicals suspect of causing alterations in the endocrine system such as EDCs are potentially associated wifli several diseases such as testicle, breast and prostate cancer, reduction in the spermatozoid rate, deformities in the reproductive organs, thyroid dysfunctions and alterations related to the neurological system (Rivas et al., 1997 Jimenez, 1997 Ghiselli and Jardim, 2007). 

LHRH and selected synthetic analogues were developed for the treatment of conditions that necessitate a hypogonadal state (endometriosis, prostate or breast cancer) or to promote the descent of testicles in children 12-24 months old however, the pulsatile application of exogenous LHRH, for instance, by intranasal administration to healthy young men was shown to lead to a significant increase of the plasma... 

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