Cancer genetic factors

BRCAl as a Genetic Marker for Breast Cancer Genetic Factors in the Familial Transmission of the Breast Cancer BRCAl Gene... 

Breast Cancer. Many studies have observed low incidences of hormone-dependent cancers, particularly breast cancer, in Asian countries compared with Western countries and it is becoming increasingly accepted that dietary factors play an important role. Although breast cancer can occur in either males or females, only about 1 % of all cases occur in men, and male breast cancer is a rare disease in all parts of the world." Although there appear to be some similar risk factors for breast cancer in males and females, there is no indication in the literature that diet is either a risk or a protective factor for male breast cancer. The development of breast cancer is known to be highly dependent on the hormones associated with female reproductive functions, while established genetic factors have been... 

The etiology of breast cancer is unknown, but a number of factors that increase a woman s chances of developing the disease have been identified. These risk factors, as well as information regarding the biology of the disease, suggest that a complex interplay between hormones, genetic factors, and environmental and lifestyle influences all contribute to the etiology of this disease. 

The majority of people who smoke never develop lung cancer. Genetic risk factors may predispose certain smokers to lung cancer. After adjustments for age, smoke exposure, occupation, and gender, relatives of a lung cancer patient have approximately a twofold risk of developing lung cancer. The... 

A family medical history can identify people with a higher-than-usual chance of having common disorders, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, certain cancers, and diabetes. These complex disorders are influenced by a combination of genetic factors, environmental conditions, and lifestyle choices. A family history also can provide information about the risk of rarer conditions caused by mutations in a single gene, such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia. 

For many common diseases, subsets of cases exist in which genetic factors play an especially important role. These subsets tend to develop disease early in life (e.g., BRCAl and BRCA2 mutations in breast cancer), and they often tend to have a more severe expression of the disease (e.g., APC mutations in colon cancer). 

Note The remaining 13-15% are due to infectious agents (certain viruses and parasites) and some genetic factors that predispose certain individuals. The authors have recently reduced the percent associated with occupation to about 1. The minus end of the range for food additives takes into account the fact that some of these substances, particularly the antioxidants, may protect against certain cancers. 

Cancer is a disease present in people and animals in which the stracture and normal function of body tissues are disrupted. The exact etiology of most types of cancer is unknown. However, it is well known that infections, environmental factors (chemical substances, foreign particles, radiation), and genetic factors can induce transformation of normal cells to neoplastic cells, i.e. those that multiply and function abnormally. 

Errors of omission. The major causes of cancer (other than smoking) do not involve exposures to exogenous chemicals that cause cancer in high-dose tests rather, the major causes are dietary imbalances, hormonal factors, infection and inflammation, and genetic factors. Insufficiency of many vitamins and minerals, which is preventable by supplementation, causes DNA damage by a mechanism similar to radiation. 

Sun C, Hu Y, Liu X, Wu T, Wang Y, He W, Wei W. 2006. Resveratrol downregulates the constitutional activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in multiple myeloma cells, leading to suppression of proliferation and invasion, arrest of cell cycle, and induction of apoptosis. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 165 9-19. 

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