Cancer formation

In experimental animals and in vitro, DHBs show a variety of biological effects including binding of metaboHtes to various proteins. Clastogenic effects have been observed in vitro and in some in vivo studies with the three compounds. No reproductive effects have been shown by conventional studies with either hydroquinone, catechol, or resorcinol (122). Hydroquinone has been shown to induce nephrotoxicity and kidney tumors at very high doses in some strains of rat (123) catechol induces glandular stomach tumors at very high dose (124). Repeated dermal appHcation of resorcinol did not induce cancer formation (125). 

DNA strongly absorbs UV radiation, especially mid-range UVB (290 to 320 nm) radiation. Two major DNA lesions are induced following UV exposure, pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts. Because the action spectrum (induction of a biological activity as a function of wavelength) for erythema closely matches the action spectrum for pyrimidine dimer formation, DNA is believed to be the chromophore for sunburn.6 Pyrimidine dimer formation, or more properly, the failure to adequately repair dimers after solar irradiation is also the primary cause of sunlight-induced skin cancer formation.7-8... 

One of the toxic effects the chronic study is designed to detect is cancer formation. Some toxicologists believe, in fact, that cancer is the only form of toxicity not detectable in 90-day studies Indeed, it is difficult to find many examples of forms of toxicity occurring in chronic studies that were not detectable, at higher doses, in 90-day studies. It appears that, in most cases, the chronic exposure allows the effects that were detected in 90-day studies to be detected at lower doses, but does not reveal new forms of toxicity, except possibly cancer. This is not a sufficiently well-established generalization to support rejection of the need for chronic studies, and, of course, the toxicologist obviously needs to determine whether a chemical can increase the rate of tumor formation. So chronic studies will be around for some time. 

Antitumor. Preventing or effective against tumors or cancer formation. Anticarcinogen. 

As mentioned earlier, the stoppage of fast electrons generates x-rays, which are hazardous to human health. X-rays cause cell damage that can lead to cancer formation or genetic mutations. Even at low dosage, x-ray exposure can cause skin burning and general radiation syndrome. 

A suppository formulation based on progesterone was proposed to prevent cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium and possible cancer formation during postmenopausal long-term estrogen therapy [31]. 

Zeller WJ, Schmahl D. 1986. Relevance of gas and particulate phases of tobacco smoke for lung cancer formation An experimental study in Syrian golden hamsters. Cancer Detect Prev 9 91-97. 

Postulated MOA. Brief description of the sequence of measured effects, starting with chemical administration, to cancer formation at a given site. 

Although much is known about the processes of cancer formation, or carcinogenesis, comparatively little is known about the processes of cancer regression. The former will be explored as an introduction to the latter, and both involve the biological and chemical functions of the body, stated in terms of normal cells vs. cancerous ones. Surgical excision and radiation treatment are excluded from the discussion, though they can be selective if, say, the solid tumor is localized and has not yet spread or metastasized — and if the operations or treatments in themselves do not cause metastasis. 

In sum, the viral or microbial theories or mechanisms of cancer formation and its cure seem for the most part plausible. If these theories can be tied in with the cancer-forming consequences, say, of radiation and chemicals — and they seemingly can — and with the anticancer effects of other agents, in particular plants and herbs, this would round out the picture. As such, it will furnish a way to unify cancer theory at the most elementary level. 

The concept of pleomorphism may very well tie in with the fact that nearly 600 different kinds of cancer cells reportedly have been identified. And that one kind of cancer may lead to another, or secondary, cancer. That is, cancer may not only metastasize or spread as the same kind of cancer, but a new kind may occur (that is, in different kinds of cells). If, say, viruses are involved in cancer formation, and can change from one kind to another, then the different kinds of cancer-causing viruses could be legion. And this, of course, may be an obstruction to the development of a general vaccine, as is in the case of AIDS. (It may be reemphasized that the work of Dr. Livingston was aimed at autogenous vaccines, specific to the particular patient.)... 

---