Camille and Henry Dreyfus

The preparation of this manuscript and the research described herein was supported by grants form the Microgravity Sciences Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminsitration, by the Mobil Foundation and by a Teacher-Scholar Award from the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation to RAB. 

Financial support from Dow Coming Corporation and from the American Chemical Society (Grant CHE 93-18625) is gratefully acknowledged. BEB also gratefully acknowledges support from the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation in the form of a Teacher-Scholar Award. 

Brian Johnson and Margret Geselbracht are thanked for critically reading this manuscript. On behalf of the Ad Hoc Committee for Solid-State Instructional Materials, it is a pleasure to acknowledge the National Science Foundation (Grant USE—9150484), the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, the American Chemical Society, the Dow Chemical Company Foundation (Solid-State Model Kit), the University of Wisconsin—Madison Outreach Program (Solid-State Model Kit), and the Institute for Chemical Education for their generous support of this project. 

The author s research work on photochemistry of free radicals has been supported by US National Science Foundation, ACS Petroleum Research Fund, Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, A. P. Sloan Foundation, and UC Regents Faculty Fellowships and Faculty Development Award. 

This project was initiated by JM and NH and continued by KH, and AT as part of the CHEM 1108 Freshman Chemistry Research Rotation taught by Prof. W. R. Murphy, Jr. at Seton Hall University. We thank Merck Co., Inc. for partial support of this research through an unrestricted grant. We also thank the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation for support of TC through the Partners-in-Science Program and the ACS Project SEED program for support of MK. 

The NT-300 NMR spectrometer at Rockefeller University was purchased in part from funds from the National Science Foundation (PCM-7912083) and from the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation. The WM-500 spectrometer is part of the Southern California Regional NMR Facility at Caltech and is supported by National Science Foundation Grant CHE-7916324. 

This work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. W-7405 Eng-48. We thank Dr. H. Heinemann and Professors A. T. Bell, R. G. Bergman, and G. A. Somorjai for stimuu-lating comments. K.P.C.V. is an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow (1976-1980) and a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar (1978-1983). 

The authors acknowledge the Robert A. Welch Foundation (F-1466), the Research Corporation Cottrell Scholar Award, the National Science Foundation CAREER Award, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, Eli Lilly, and Merck. 

The research described herein was supported by the National Science Foundation (CHE-7728387). GLG gratefully acknowledges the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation for a Teacher-Scholar Award (1978-1983), the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for a Research Fellowship (1978-1981), and the many coworkers who contributed to the research described herein. 

I would like to thank my graduate students Joshua D. Carter, Yongquan Qu, and Rhiannon Porter for their contribution to this work. I also thank C. Echer and C. Song at the National Center for Electron Microscope (NCEM), and J. Rogers and the excellent staff at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) for experimental support. I am also grateful to DOE for support of both facilities. Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of The Petroleum Research Eund, administrated by the American Chemical Society, for partial support of this research. This work is also partially supported by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Eoundation and the National Science Eoundation (CHE-0135132). 

Finally we gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research, the National Science Foundation, the IBM Program for the Support of the Materials and Processing Sciences, the Shell Development Corporation, the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, the Sloan Foundation and the Research Corporation. Two people at these agencies, Larry Cooper (ONR) and Henry Blount (NSF) have been particularly supportive. 

This work has been supported by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus New Faculty Awards Program, the James H. Zumberge Faculty Research and Innovation Fund of the University of Southern California, the WISE Research Fund (USC), the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society (types G and AC), and the National Science Foundation (CAREER award). 

Preparation of this manuscript was supported in part by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation and the National Institutes of Hedth (R29-GM38047). 

I thank Warren Beck for help with the preparation of the figures and Warren Beck and Lynmarie Thompson for helpful comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM32715). G.W.B. is the recipient of a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher/Scholar Award (1985-1990) and an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship (1986-1988). 

The project had funding from the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Special Grant Program in the Chemical Sciences, the ACS/EPA Green Chemistry Educational Materials Development Project, and the University of Scranton. 

We gratefully acknowledge Eh Herskovitz for insightful discussions. This work has been supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER Award under Grant No, NSF 97-03372. R.H. isanAUfedP. Sloan Fellow, a Cottrell Scholar ofthe Research Corporation and a Blanchard Assistant Professor of chemistry at Georgia Tech. F.S. is a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Faculty Start-up Awardee. 

The authors thank Ms. Lauren Huffman for her assistance in testing and optimizing this preparation. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation (JEH is a Camille Dreyfus Teacher Scholar), and the Department of Education GAANN program. 

We thank the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation for financial support. 

Acknowledgments. This work was supported in part by a New Faculty Award from the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation. Acknowledgement is made to the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society, for partial support of this research. We also thank Prof. D.R. Salahub for providing us a free copy of the deMon code, Prof. A. McDermott and Mr. Y. Wei. for sharing with us unpublished data on 15N shielding in imidazole, Prof. J. A. Ripmeester and Dr. C. A. Ratcliffe for sharing with us unpublished 87Rb NMR data. 

The interaction with those who have supplied the experimental data, D. W. Moon, R. J. Bleiler, E. J. Karwacki and N. Winograd, has greatly helped in solidifying many of the ideas presented here. I thank them for allowing me to use their data as well as for many stimulating conversations. The financial support of the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research and the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. 

Dr. Patrick Rice, Mr. Jack Thome and Ms. Wenfang Bian in completing some of the experimental work described in this chapter. The author also acknowledges the support of the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, through a Teacher-Scholar Fellowship, and the National Institutes of Health (1R15GM44259-1) for financial support of portions of the work described herein. 

By the year, 1910, the brothers Camille and Henry Dreyfus had discovered a practical method for producing cellulose acetate polymer and were making plastic film and toilet articles in Basel, Switzerland. During World War I, they built a plant in England to produce acetate dope for painting airplane wings to render them air-impervious. The success of the product led the U.S. government to invite the Dreyfus brothers to build a plant in the United States, which started commercial production in 1924. 

Robert L. Lichter, The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation I was glad you pointed out the importance of individuals taking responsibility. It seems to me that one of the best things that NIH and others can do is to enable individuals to engage and to become champions for change. In the end, that is what counts. 

Robert L. Lichter, The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation I found your notion of disequilibrium intriguing. There was a book published in 1997 called The Innovator s Dilemma, by Harvard business school professor Clayton M. Christensen (Harvard Business School Press), which offers similar ideas in the context of technical innovation. He discusses the concept of disruptive technologies, the notion that real change is made when new concepts actually challenge existing views of what is useful and important. I can see connections there with your points. 

Robert L. Lichter, The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Isiah Warner s last description reminded me of the comment that was made early in this workshop by Dr. Makinen The focus has to be on the output, not on the input. If we restrict ourselves to the traditional methods of evaluation that focus on the input, we are not going to get the kinds of results that we are seeing. 

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