Calories daily needs

The average person needs 10 to 12 calories daily per pound of body weight to maintain weight. 

Second, to achieve goal results on a ketogenic diet, or any diet for that matter, it is important to determine how many calories you eat each day To best answer this question you need to calculate your Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and your Active Metabolic Rate (AMR.) Your BMR is the number of calories your body needs to sustain basic body functions while at rest. This means if you have a BMR of 2000 calories, you need to take in this many calories each day to simply maintain your body weight if you were to spend the whole day at rest. Your AMR is the amount of calories your body needs to sustain basic functions plus the calories needed to perform at your average daily activity level. If you eat more calories than your AMR then you will gain weight, if you eat less calories than your AMR then you will lose weight. It is that simple. 

Since 1975 or so, adult Americans have consumed an additional 12-14 % more calories daily, which alone could help explain the epidemic rise in obesity. Over a span of about one generation, the increase in obesity has become a readily apparent association with increasing expenditures for eating away from home or purchasing food to take home (Lachance, 2000). The consumer concern for health becomes subservient to the need... 

Nutritional Value of Milk Products. Milk is considered one of the principal sources of nutrition for humans. Some people are intolerant to one or more components of milk so must avoid the product or consume a treated product. One example is intolerance to lactose in milk. Fluid milk is available in which the lactose has been treated to make it more digestible. The consumption of milk fat, either in fluid milk or in products derived from milk, has decreased markedly in the 1990s. Whole milk sales decreased 12% between 1985 and 1988, whereas the sales of low fat milk increased 165%, and skimmed milk sales increased 48% (35). Nutritionists have recommended that fat consumed provide no more than 30 calories, and that consumption of calories be reduced. Generally, a daily diet of 2000—3000 cal/d is needed depending on many variables, such as gender, type of work, age, body responses, exercise, etc. Further, there is concern about cholesterol [57-88-5] and density of fat consumed. Complete information on the nutritive value of milk and milk products is provided on product labels (36) (see also Table 4). 

The Sugars Task Force s Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs recommended a daily consumption of sugars at 10% of total calories, which approximates current (11%) daily intake levels in the United States. At this level, sucrose does contribute to the development of dental caries however, no firm evidence exists that it causes dietary imbalances or deficiencies of vitamins (qv), minerals, or trace nutrients (62). 

Thiamine requirements vary and, with a lack of significant storage capabiHty, a constant intake is needed or deficiency can occur relatively quickly. Human recommended daily allowances (RDAs) in the United States ate based on calorie intake at the level of 0.50 mg/4184 kj (1000 kcal) for healthy individuals (Table 2). As Httle as 0.15—0.20 mg/4184 kJ will prevent deficiency signs but 0.35—0.40 mg/4184 kJ are requited to maintain near normal urinary excretion levels and associated enzyme activities. Pregnant and lactating women requite higher levels of supplementation. Other countries have set different recommended levels (1,37,38). 

Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000-Calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower, depending on your Calorie needs. ... 

The human body is designed to take in and process the amount of energy it needs to perform daily activities. If the body takes in more calories than it needs, it stores these calories as adipose tissue, or fat, for later use. In earlier times, this storage of calories by the body helped people survive through periods when little or no food was available (famine). During times of famine, the body burned its fat stores to obtain the energy it needed to perform normal activities. If people did not have these fat stores, they would starve during times when less food was available. 

The 130-pound person in our example should consume 1,950 total daily calories, with 585 calories coming from fat. You can see that this one meal contains 75% of the calories and 90% of the fat calories this person needs for the entire day. If this person eats three meals a day like this one, he or she will consume close to three times the calories his or her body requires. The vast majority of these calories will wind up being stored as fat. 

Studies have shown that it s not that simple. In one, registered dieticians couldn t come up with accurate estimates of the calories found in (30) certain fast foods. Who would have guessed that a milk shake, which sounds pretty healthy (it does contain milk, after all) has more calories than three McDonald s cheeseburgers Or that one chain s chicken breast sandwich, another better-sounding alternative to a burger, contains more than half a day s calories and twice the recommended daily (33) amount of sodium Even a fast-food coffee drink, without a doughnut to go with it, has almost half the calories needed in a day. 

The ideal diet not only supplies essential calories, it provides the organism with the specific raw materials needed for maintenance and balanced growth. The recommended daily percentages of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are indicated in figure 1 and table 3. 

The average American eats six times the amount of fat needed daily. Limit fat consumption to 30 percent of calorie intake. 

Our daily activities require a certain number of calories in the form of food. If our food supply exceeds substantially our energy needs, obesity develops. This condition is a serious problem in the United States. Tables are available that indicate energy requirements for the various activities of our daily lives, and these can be used to estimate our energy needs. Table 21.8 indicates some such values, plus the daily activity of an average U.S. soldier after basic training. From this we can then calculate the daily energy requirement for a typical U.S. trooper. 

Of interest in the ISAAC analysis is the strong, consistent, negative association between calories from cereal and rice and protein from cereal and nuts and the three conditions, and it was speculated that, if the daily per capita amount of calories from cereal and rice consumed were to be increased by 10% of total energy consumption, it may be possible to achieve a 3.2% decrease in the prevalence of current wheeze, a 0.4% decrease in severe wheeze, a 2.4% decrease in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and a 0.6% decrease in eczema [64(111)]. As mentioned above, plant-based carbohydrate-rich diets have been associated with lower rates of other non-communicable diseases [60(NC), 62(NC)] and it is of interest that this association has been found for asthma, allergic rhinoconjimctivitis and eczema. Although it is speculated that antioxidants contained in cereal, rice and vegetables may be a reason for this protective effect, other mechanisms need to be explored. 

All constituents of the KD need to be measured precisely to provide the same ratio in each meal. Calories are restricted to about 75-90% ofthe recommended daily allowance for age. All sources of carbohydrate must be accounted for and included in the daily allotment, including calories from medications (carbohydrate-based carriers) and even toothpaste. Appropriate vitamins and minerals are added. Some protocols include restriction of fluid intake to about 60 cm /kg/d (Freeman et al., 1994). The goal is to produce and maintain ketosis, and even minor deviations from the proscribed regimen terminates the ketosis and the antiseizure effect of the KD (Huttenlocher, 1976). Practical details regarding clinical use of the KD may be found in Freeman et al. (1994). 

The early phase of SBS is associated with large day-to-day variations in fluid and electrolyte losses. Strict output records should be assessed, as well as all intake including intravenous medications. Initially, it is recommended to start a standard PN solution that meets the patient s maintenance metabolic, fluid, and electrolyte needs, and a separate intravenous replacement solution is typically necessary to keep the patient euvolemic based on actual fluid losses. Insensible losses should be estimated between 300 and 800 mL/day above measured output, and daily urine output should be kept at least 1 L. As fluid and electrolyte losses stabilize over time it becomes possible to incorporate these replacement requirements into the PN solution. The PN solution typically is composed of standard crystalline amino acids, glucose, and intravenous lipids. A generic caloric breakdown for SBS patients based on a need of 30 to 40 kcaV kg per day may be 1.5 g/kg of protein per day, approximately 20% to 30% of calories from intravenous lipids, and the remainder of calories from carbohydrates. An example of a PN formula for the patient with SBS is given in Table 139-2. 

Fats should make-up about 30% of total daily calories with a focused effort made to eat adequate amounts of EFA s and reduce the intake of trans-fats. It really is not all that difficult to do if you just take a few minutes to plan each day s dietary needs. 

Because it is soluble in water, thiamine is not stored in the body. A person must include the compound in his or her daily diet on a regular basis. Most people ingest adequate amounts of vitamin Bx in their ordinary diets, and beriberi is very rare in developed countries of the world. It may occur, however, in alcoholics, pregnant women, and people who must undergo kidney dialysis. In all of these cases, a person does not receive adequate amounts of the vitamin for the body s needs. In the case of alcoholics, for example, alcohol replaces the calories they would be getting from food if they were not drinking so much. As a result, they do not get enough vitamin Bx and other nutrients needed to stay healthy. 

---