California, groundwater contamination

The Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation site in South San Jose, California, proved to be a complex and difficult groundwater contamination... 

Corrective Action Application Case 1 - Groundwater at the MEMOREX Computer Tape Plant (Santa Clara, California) was contaminated by a leaking underground solvent storage tank (Skladany et al., 1987). Chemical analysis of the groundwater identified the presence of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) up to 500 ppm xylenes together with ethyl benzene up to 40 ppm cyclohexanone up to 30 ppm cyclohexanol up to 10 ppm acetone up to 10 ppm and toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-butanol, and methyl propyl ketone each less than 1 ppm. A biological... 

Cohen DB. 1986. Groundwater contamination by toxie substanees A California assessment. ACS Symposium Series 315. Washington, DC Ameriean Chemical Society, 499-529. 

Calgon Corporation will install and operate a Rayox system in Covina, California, for a contract price of 565,000 (1999 dollars). The 3000 gallon per minute (gpm) system will treat groundwater contaminated with iV-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) (D197233, p. 1). 

A pilot-scale Rayox system, which included a GAC treatment component, was installed at the Charnock Wellfleld site in Santa Monica, California. Groundwater at the site was contaminated with methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA). Capital costs for the proposed 3500 gpm full-scale system are projected to be 4 million to 5 million. These costs do not include expenses associated with installing the technology or purchasing property to house the system (40,000 ft are required). Operating costs are projected to be 1.50 to 1.75 per 1000 gal of water treated (D22276E, pp. 50, 51). 

The technology was successfully demonstrated at a University of California at Davis site. The demonstration was an in situ treatment of groundwater contaminated with chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, Freon-12, and 1,2-dichloroethane. More than 100 million gallons of groundwater have been treated since October 1995 at this site. This technology is commercially available. 

In 1991, an EXXFLOW/EXXPRESS system was combined with an air stripper to remediate groundwater contaminated with chromium and trichloroethene (TCE) beneath an abandoned manufacturing plant in Newbury Park, California. System equipment cost approximately... 

At the Sierra Army Depot in Herlong, California, groundwater had been contaminated by trinitrotoluene (TNT) and trichloroethylene (TCE). The 28-acre plume of contaminated ground-water was located about 70 ft underground. The U.S. Army evaluated the cost difference between conventional pump-and-treat systems, ultraviolet (UV) oxidation, granular activated carbon (GAC) filters, and MNA. The active treatments were estimated to cost between 6 and 10 million while MNA costs were estimated to be approximately 1 million (D17451Q). 

In a groundwater contamination study of 28 of California s 58 counties that evaluated over 50 pesticides (from both point and nonpoint sources), diazinon was detected in 12 samples (Cohen 1986). Diazinon is included as an analyte of interest in the EPA Pesticides in Ground Water Database (EPA 1989a) and was... 

Pickett, C.H., L.S. Hawkins, J.E. Pehrson, and N.V. O Connell (1992). Irrigation practices, herbicide use and groundwater contamination in citrus production A case study in California. Agri., Ecosyst. Environ., 41 1-17. 

Some environmentalists and former environmental regulators I have spoken to are reluctant to embrace a dramatic increase in methanol use, in part because it is used to make mtbe, a gasoline additive now being phased out in California because of environmental concerns such as groundwater contamination (although in fairness to methanol, which exists in nature and degrades quickly, mtbe, in contrast, is a complex, man-made compound that exhibits little degradation once released into the environment). 

White AF, Benson SM, Yee AW, et al. 1991. Groundwater contamination at the Kestrson Reservoir, California. 2. Geochemical parameters influencing selenium mobility. Water Res Research 27(6) 1085-1098. 

And like California, New York had its spectacular groundwater contamination. During the war, wells near two aircraft plants on Long Island were closed when they were polluted with chromium. The two factories discovered their problems in very different ways. At Liberty Aircraft, county health officials who observed chromium wastes poured into a pit took the precaution of testing a nearby private well. The well was closed when its water was found to contain ioo parts per billion of chromium. But the second case, one year later, was detected only when workers at a Grumman Aircraft plant in Bethpage noticed yellow water in their drinking fountains. 

Litwin, Y. "Groundwater Contamination by Pesticides A California Assessment , Ramlit Assoc., Berkeley, CA, 1983. 

Figure 1 shows a map of California giving the locations of the most abundantly occurring pesticides which are being found 1n groundwater. Of course, the contamination 1s not limited to agricultural chemicals such as pesticides Industrial chemicals have contributed almost equally to overall groundwater contamination, however, 1t 1s pollution by pesticides which we are concerned with here. 

Groundwater Contamination by Pesticides. California State Water Resources Control Board, Publication No. 83-45 sp, 1983. 

Investigation of Groundwater Contamination by Dibromochloro-propane", California Department of Health Services, 1980. 

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