Calcium silicate chlorides

Brunauer and co-workers [129, 130] found values of of 1310, 1180, and 386 ergs/cm for CaO, Ca(OH)2 and tobermorite (a calcium silicate hydrate). Jura and Garland [131] reported a value of 1040 ergs/cm for magnesium oxide. Patterson and coworkers [132] used fractionated sodium chloride particles prepared by a volatilization method to find that the surface contribution to the low-temperature heat capacity varied approximately in proportion to the area determined by gas adsorption. Questions of equilibrium arise in these and adsorption studies on finely divided surfaces as discussed in Section X-3. 

Joosten Also known as the two-shot system. A chemical grouting system for solidifying permeable sandy masses and masonry composed of sandy materials. Successive injections of sodium silicate and calcium chloride solutions are made through a pipe, which terminates in the ground to be hardened. Calcium silicate precipitates and binds the soil particles together. Invented by H. Joosten in 1928. See also Siroc. 

There does not appear to be any chemical reaction between calcium chloride and the di- and tri-calcium silicates [5] although their rate of reaction is increased. 

Note. All of the RDX component and portions of the TNT and wax are added as Composition B. A separate calcium chloride determination need only be 9one if required in the contract or order (See 6.2). Percentage requirement of Calcium Chloride is 0.5% 0.1% Calcium Silicate shall be determined as specified in 4.4.1.2 when used in the formulation of HBX compounds. The Calcium Silicate content shall be a minimum of 1.25 weight percent of the TNT content of the mixture and shall only be used in the HBX compositions when specified by the procuring agency (See 6.2). Calcium Silicate is designated for use only in Army formulations of HBX type explosive compositions. The major portion of the wax and all of the Nitrocellulose and lecithin are added as Composition D-2 ... 

Calcium chloride solution gives a similar precipitate of calcium silicate. 

Other Considerations Autoignition can occur if combustible fluids are absorbed by wicking-type insulations. Chloride stress corrosion of austenitic stainless steel can occur when chlorides are concentrated on metal surfaces at or above approximately 60°C (140°F). The chlorides can come from sources other than the insulation. Some calcium silicates are formulated to exceed the requirements of the MIL-I-24244A specification. Fire resistance of insulations varies widely. Calcium silicate, cellular glass, glass fiber, and mineral wool are fire-resistant but do not perform equally under actual fire conditions. A steel jacket provides protection, but aluminum does not. 

RDX plus Nitrocellulose plus Calcium Chloride -plus Calcium Silicate 40.4 3.0% 31.3 3.0% 45.1 3.0%... 

Leach-Resistant Chemicals. Insoluble Complexes. Leach-resistant fire retardants can be formed by reacting soluble salts with metal salts to form insoluble, metallic salt complexes. Sodium silicate reacted with calcium chloride formed an insoluble, hydrated calcium silicate (95). Application of a 20% diammonium phosphate solution, followed by a 20% magnesium sulfate solution, has been proposed as a ready-to-use treatment for wood roofs (96). This combination forms an insoluble magnesium ammonium phosphate and is recommended for roofs that are 5 years old or older. Test results indicate that this treatment provides increased flame-spread protection. 

Cadmium carbonate Cadmium chloride Cadmium sulfide Calcium acetate Calcium bromide Calcium caseinate Calcium gluconate Calcium hypochloride Calcium lactate Calcium oxide Calcium saccharate Calcium silicate Calcium stearate Calcium sulfate... 

Sodium silicates are also used to provide the fluid with a yield stress large enough to hold the particles at high water content. The mechanism is completely different from that of bentonite platelets that, having opposite charges on the faces and on the edges, gel the fluid by forming card house structures. Here, sodium silicate reacts with lime or calcium chloride to form a calcium silicate gel. It is this gel that provides the yield stress required to hold the particles. 

Experimental studies of the processes taking place with mixed residues from lignite coal incineration indicate favorable effects of incorporation of both chloride and heavy metals in newly formed minerals. Ettringite in particular, can act as a storage mineral for chloride and metal ions. The former may be incorporated at up to 4 kg CaCl2 per m of the mineral mixture. Calcium-silicate-hydrate phases may be formed in a subsequent process, and by filling further pore space these minerals can... 

Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Sulfate Boric Acid Calcium Carbonate Calcium Hydroxide Calcium Oxide Calcium Phosphate Calcium Silicate Calcium Sulfate Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Copper(I) Oxide Copper(II) Oxide Copper(II) Sulfate Hydrogen Chloride Iron(II) Oxide Iron(III) Oxide Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Hydroxide Magnesium Oxide... 

Calcium Carbonate Calcium Phosphate Calcium Silicate Calcium Sulfate Copper(II) Sulfate Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Silicate Hydroxide Magnesium Sulfate Mercury(II) Sulfide Monosodium Glutamate Perchlorates Potassium Bicarbonate Potassium Bisulfate Potassium Bitartrate Potassium Carbonate Potassium Chloride Potassium Fluoride Potassium Iodide Potassium Nitrate Potassium Sulfate Silver Iodide Silver Nitrate Silver(I) Sulfide Sodium Acetate... 

Disposal of the solid residues from the treatment of waste gases is an issue that needs to be addressed, particularly when they contain heavy metals and toxic organic compounds. One possibility is to convert the residues into an alinite cement, composed mainly of calcium silicates and calcium chloride [29.14]. When set, the concrete effectively locks up the toxic components (see also section 28.4.6). 

Biodentine is supplied as a powder and a liquid. The powder contains, in addition to the calcium silicates, calcium carbonate and calcium oxide as fillers, iron oxide for pigmentation, and zirconium oxide as a radiopacifier. The liquid is mainly water and contains calcium chloride as an accelerator, plus a water-soluble polymer [70]. 

The liquid consists of water containing calcium chloride and an unspecified water soluble polymer. Calcium chloride acts as an accelerator in the hydration processes of the tricalcium silicate substance [78], It forms an acidic solution in water, and its reaction with calcium carbonate, which is basic, also helps to speed up the setting reaction. The overall effect of these components is that Biodentine sets in 9-12min, which is much faster than MTA materials based on unmodified calcium silicates [79], The set material has been shown to release calcium ions into aqueous solution [63,80] and this stimulates the deposition of hydroxyapatite in contact with simulated body fluid [81,82],... 

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