Calcium chloride white

Calcium chloride White precipitate of calcium oxalate insoluble in dilute acetic acid, oxalic acid, and ammonium oxalate solution soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid and in dilute nitric acid... 

By treatment with anhydrous aluminium chloride (Holmes and Beeman, 1934). Ordinary commercial, water-white benzene contains about 0 05 per cent, of thiophene. It is first dried with anhydrous calcium chloride. One litre of the dry crude benzene is shaken vigorously (preferably in a mechanical shaking machine) with 12 g. of anhydrous aluminium chloride for half an hour the temperature should preferably be 25-35°. The benzene is then decanted from the red liquid formed, washed with 10 per cent, sodium hydroxide solution (to remove soluble sulphur compounds), then with water, and finally dried over anhydrous calcium chloride. It is then distilled and the fraction, b.p. 79-5-80-5°, is collected. The latter is again vigorously shaken with 24 g. of anhydrous aluminium chloride for 30 minutes, decanted from the red liquid, washed with 10 per cent, sodium hydroxide solution, water, dried, and distilled. The resulting benzene is free from thiophene. 

Fit a 500 ml. round-bottomed flask with a dropping funnel and a double surface condenser alternatively, the flask may be provided with a two-way addition tube (Fig. II, 13, 9) and the dropping funnel and condenser inserted into the latter. Place 37 g. (46 ml.) of iso-butyl alcohol (b.p. 106-108°) and 40 g. (41 ml.) of pure pyridine in the flask and 119 g. (73 ml.) of redistilled thionyl chloride in the dropping funnel. Insert a cotton wool or calcium chloride guard tube into the mouth of the funnel. Introduce the thionyl chloride during 3-4 hours a white solid... 

Place 32 g. of potassium ethyl xanthate (Section 111,166) and 50 ml. of absolute ethyl alcohol in a 500 ml. round-bottomed flask provided with a double surface condenser. Add 32 g. (16-5 ml.) of ethyl iodide. No reaction appears to take place in the cold. Heat on a water bath for 3 hours a reaction sets in within 15 minutes and the yellow reaction mixture becomes white owing to the separation of potassium iodide. Add about 150 ml. of water, separate the lower layer, and wash it with water. Dry it with anhydrous calcium chloride or anhydrous calcium sulphate and distil from a 50 ml. Claisen flask. Collect the ethyl S-ethyl xanthate at 196-198°. The yield is 23 g. 

Triturate 20 g. of dry o-toluidine hydrochloride and 35 5 g. of powdered iodine in a mortar and then grind in 17 -5 g. of precipitated calcium carbonate. Transfer the mixture to a conical flask, and add 100 ml. of distilled water with vigorous shaking of the flask. Allow the mixture to stand for 45 minutes with occasional agitation, then heat gradually to 60-70° for 5 minutes, and cool. Transfer the contents of the flask to a separatory funnel, extract the base with three 80 ml. portions of ether, diy the extract with anhydrous calcium chloride or magnesium sulphate, and remove the excess of solvent. The crude 5-iodo-2-aminotoluene separates in dark crystals. The yield is 32 g. Recrystallise from 50 per cent, alcohol nearly white crystals, m.p. 87°, are obtained. 

Place an intimate mixture of 125 g. of powdered, anhydrous zinc chloride and 26-5 g. of acetophenonephenylhydrazone in a tall 500 ml. beaker in an oil bath at 170°. Stir the mixture vigorously by hand. After 3-4 minutes the mass becomes hquid and evolution of white fumes commences. Remove the beaker from the bath and stir the mixture for 5 minutes. Then stir in 100 g. of clean, white sand in order to prevent solidification to a hard mass. Digest the mixture for 12-16 hours on a water bath with 400 ml. of water and 12 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid in order to dissolve the zinc chloride. Filter off the sand and the crude 2-phenylindole, and boil the solids with 300 ml. of rectified spirit. Treat the hot mixture with a little decolourising carbon and filter through a pre-heated Buchner funnel wash the residue with 40 ml. of hot rectified spirit. Cool the combined filtrates to room temperature, filter off the 2-phenylindole and wash it three times with 10 ml. portions of cold alcohol. Dry in a vacuum desiccator over anhydrous calcium chloride. The yield of pure 2-phenylindole, m.p. 188-189°, is 16 g. 

Docusate Calcium. Dioctyl calcium sulfosuccinate [128-49-4] (calcium salt of l,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester butanedioic acid) (11) is a white amorphous soHd having the characteristic odor of octyl alcohol. It is very slightly soluble in water, and very soluble in alcohol, polyethylene glycol 400, and com oil. It may be prepared directly from dioctyl sodium sulfo succinate dissolved in 2-propanol, by reaction with a methan olic solution of calcium chloride. 

In concrete, triethanolamine accelerates set time and increases early set strength (41—43). These ate often formulated as admixtures (44), for later addition to the concrete mixtures. Compared to calcium chloride, another common set accelerator, triethanolamine is less corrosive to steel-reinforcing materials, and gives a concrete that is more resistant to creep under stress (45). Triethanolamine can also neutralize any acid in the concrete and forms a salt with chlorides. Improvement of mechanical properties, whiteness, and more even distribution of iron impurities in the mixture of portland cements, can be effected by addition of 2% triethanolamine (46). Triethanolamine bottoms and alkanolamine soaps can also be used in these type appUcations. Waterproofing or sealing concrete can be accompUshed by using formulations containing triethanolamine (47,48). 

English physicist and electrochemist Michael Faraday in 1823. You can make it by bubbling chlorine gas through calcium chloride solution at 0°C the hydrate comes down as feathery white crystals. In the winter of 1914, the Geiman army used chlorine in chemical warfare on the Russian front against the soldiers of the Tsar. They were puzzled by its ineffectiveness not until spring was deadly chlorine gas liberated from the hydrate, which is stable at cold temperatures. 

In a 2-1. round-bottomed flask fitted with a reflux condenser protected by a calcium chloride tube 11.5 g. (0.5 gram atom) of finely cut sodium is dissolved in 250 cc. of absolute alcohol. To this solution is added 80 g. (0.50 mole) of ethyl malonate followed by 30 g. (0.50 mole) of dry urea dissolved in 250 cc. of hot (70°) absolute alcohol. After being well shaken the mixture is refluxed for seven hours on an oil bath heated to 1 io°. A white solid separates rapidly. After the reaction is completed, 500 cc. of hot (50°) water is added and then enough hydrochloric acid (sp. gr. 1.18) to make the solution acidic (about 45 cc.). The resulting dear solution is filtered and cooled in an ice bath overnight. The white product is collected on a Buchner funnel, washed with 50 cc. of cold water, and then dried in an oven at 105-1 io° for three to four hours. The yield of barbituric acid is 46-50 g. (72-78 per cent of the theoretical amount). 

Synthesis of N,N -bis(p-carbomethoxybenzoyl) butanediamine (T4T-dimethyl). Dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) (275 g, 1.42 mol) is dissolved at 65°C in a mixture of 1100 mL anhydrous toluene and 85 mL anhydrous methanol in a 2-L flask equipped with a stirrer, condenser, calcium chloride tube, and nitrogen inlet. When all the DMT is dissolved, 15 mL lithium methoxide (1.25 M) is added. 1,4-Butanediamine (BDA) (34 mL, 0.34 mol), dissolved in 150 mL anhydrous toluene and 10 mL anhydrous methanol, is added dropwise in 4-6 h while the nitrogen flow is stopped. Three hours after the start of the BDA addition, the temperature is gradually increased up to 90°C (5°C/h) while the methanol is stripped off. After a total reaction time of 24 h the reaction is stopped. The white... 

A white precipitate forms when 2.00 X 10 mL of 0.200 M potassium phosphate solution is mixed with 3.00 X 10 mL of 0.250 M calcium chloride solution. Write the net ionic equation that describes this process. Calculate the mass of the precipitate that forms, and identify the ions remaining in solution. 

Hydroxyapatite is prepared by mixing a solution of sodium phosphate (Na2HP04) with calcium chloride (CaCl2). A white precipitate known as brushite is formed. Brushite is then converted to hydroxyapatite by heating to 100°C in the presence of ammonia ... 

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