Chlorine gas bubbles

Chlorine gas bubbles out of solution at the anode. At the cathode, hydrogen gas is formed, and the solution around the electrode becomes strongly basic. 

The product from Step 4 (0.0016 mol) dissolved in 10 ml CH2CI2 was diluted with 20 ml HOAc and 5 ml water, cooled to — 10°C, and chlorine gas bubbled into the mixture. 

The calculation of the distance between the anode and the separator is slightly complex as the asbestos diaphragm is deposited on the cathode screen, and the anode blade is located 4-5 mm from the diaphragm with the anolyte in between, and contains dispersed chlorine gas bubbles. The gas-solution mixture is circulated effectively by the convection of the two-phase flow resulting in a relatively low gas void fraction in the electrolysis zone. The superficial resistivity, Pmix. based on Eq. (163), would be about 1.2 times the resistivity of the solution free of gas bubbles, which is 1.2/0.59 = 2.03 cm. The ohmic drop between the anode and the diaphragm can then be calculated from Eq. (165) and the current as ... 

At the anode, chloride ions give up electrons more readily than hydroxide ions do. Chlorine gas bubbles off ... 

Factor 3. The specific conductivity of sodium chloride solutions increases with concentration and temperature (Fig. 18), but is independent of pH over the range 2-11. The brine normally enters the cells at 60 - 70 °C and leaves the cells at 75 - 85 °C. The conductivity of potassium chloride solutions at 70 °C is 30% greater than that of sodium chloride solutions. Chlorine gas bubbles in the electrolyte... 

D. 3,3-Diahlarothietane 1,1-dioxide. Thietane 1,1-dioxide (5.0 g, 0.047 mol) Is placed In a 500-mL, three-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with a reflux condenser, magnetic stirrer, and chlorine gas bubbler. Carbon tetrachloride (350 mL) Is added and the solution Is irradiated with a 250-watt sunlamp (Note 5) while chlorine Is bubbled through the stirred mixture for 1 hr (Note 9). Irradiation and chlorine addition are stopped and the reaction mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature. The product Is collected by filtration as a white solid (4.0-4.4 g, 49-53%), mp 156-158°C (Note 10). The product can be used without further purification or It can be recrystallized from chloroform. 

By dissolving the N-oxide in acetone, and bubbling dry hydrogen chlorine gas through the solution until slightly acid reaction, the hydrochloride of the N-oxide Is precipited as a white crystalline substance with melting point of 172° to 173.6°C. 

English physicist and electrochemist Michael Faraday in 1823. You can make it by bubbling chlorine gas through calcium chloride solution at 0°C the hydrate comes down as feathery white crystals. In the winter of 1914, the Geiman army used chlorine in chemical warfare on the Russian front against the soldiers of the Tsar. They were puzzled by its ineffectiveness not until spring was deadly chlorine gas liberated from the hydrate, which is stable at cold temperatures. 

When chlorine gas is bubbled through an aqueous solution of NaBr, chloride ions and liquid bromine are the products of the spontaneous reaction. For this cell,... 

Reality Check In other words, the concentration of hypochlorous acid in a solution formed by bubbling chlorine gas through water should be about 0.03 mol/L. 

When chlorine gas is bubbled into a solution of NaOH, self-oxidation-reduction occurs to give hypochlorite ion, CIO-, by the reaction... 

Sodium hypochlorite is made by bubbling chlorine gas through a solution of sodium hydroxide. In the environment, it breaks down into water, oxygen, and table salt. 

While pure chlorine gas will certainly bleach colors, laundry bleaches use sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite, which works by releasing oxygen, not chlorine. The chlorine remains in solution, either as sodium chloride (table salt), or calcium chloride. These bleaches are made by bubbling chlorine gas through a solution of sodium hydroxide (lye) or calcium hydroxide (quicklime). 

It is made by bubbling chlorine gas through a solution of calcium hydroxide. 

C04-0060. Iodine can be prepared by bubbling chlorine gas through an aqueous solution of sodium iodide 2Nal(a q) + Chig) l2( ) + 2NaCl(a q)... 

This mixture is fed into bubble columns and contacted with chlorine gas at 3.5 bar and 115-145 °C [57]. A typical reaction mixture has a composition of 38.5% acetic acid, 11.5% acetic anhydride and 50% chlorine gas. The crude product is first purified by distillation. Thereafter, either crystallization or hydrogen reduction at a Pd catalyst is conducted to separate the monochlorinated from the dichlorinated product. 

Degassing is the removal of dissolved hydrogen from the molten aluminum prior to casting. Chemicals are added and gases are bubbled through the molten aluminum. Sometimes a wet scrubber is used to remove excess chlorine gas. 

A. Sodium hypochlorite solution. A solution of sodium hypochlorite 2 is prepared immediately before it is to be used. A mixture of 50 g. (1.25 moles) of sodium hydroxide and 200 ml. of water is swirled until the solid dissolves. The solution is cooled to 0°, and 100 g. of crushed ice is added. The flask is then placed in an ice bath, and chlorine gas from a tank is bubbled through the solution until 41 g. (0.58 mole) is absorbed. An excess of chlorine should be avoided. The solution of sodium hypochlorite is kept in the dark at 0° until needed. 

Chlorine gas is bubbled through a solution of sodium iodide ... 

Chlorine gas is bubbled through a colorless solution and the solution turns reddish. Adding a little methylene chloride to the solution extracts the color into the methylene chloride layer. Which of the following ions may be present in the original solution ... 

Indium metal (0.85 g) is maintained at +15 V in a solution phase of 100 mLof 50 50 benzene-dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso). Benzene is purified as in Section A above dimethyl sulfoxide is dried over 4A molecular sieves before use. The cell is cooled in an ice bath throughout the experiment. Chlorine gas is bubbled slowly through the solution phase (about one bubble per second from a 2-mm tube) for 2 hours. At the end of this period, the solution is brown, and most of the indium has dissolved approximately 0.1 g of corroded material remains. 

Moissan reasoned that if he were trying to liberate chlorine he would not choose a stable solid like sodium chloride, but a volatile compound like hydrochloric acid or phosphorus pentachloride. His preliminary experiments with silicon fluoride convinced him that this was a very stable compound, and that, if he should ever succeed in isolating fluorine, it would unite with silicon with incandescence, and that therefore he might use silicon in testing for the new halogen. After many unsuccessful attempts to electrolyze phosphorus trifluoride and arsenic trifluoride, and after four interruptions caused by serious poisoning, he finally obtained powdered arsenic at the cathode and some gas bubbles at the anode. However, before these fluorine bubbles could reach the surface, they were absorbed by the arsenic trifluoride to form pentafluoride (18, 23). 

Instead of vinegar, add salt to the distilled water. Bubbles will again appear at each terminal. If the concentration of salt is high enough, chlorine gas, CI2, is produced at the anode from the oxidation of chlorine... 

A rapid stream of chlorine gas is bubbled into the mixture at 0-15° with vigorous stirring until an increase in weight of about 95 g. has occurred (30-40 minutes) (Note 2). A 250-ml. portion of water at room temperature is added to the suspension, which is then filtered by suction through rather porous filter paper on a 16-cm. Buchner funnel. The filtrate is removed and cooled in an ice bath, and the filter cake is washed on the funnel with a 250-ml. portion of water at room temperature. The filtrate is iioured back in the funnel and sucked through the filter cake repeatedly until no more solid appears to dissolve, and then is combined with the original filtrate (Note 3). 

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