Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II

Akiyama, K., Suemaru, J. Effect of acute and chronic administration of methamphetamine on calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II activity in the rat brain. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 914 263, 2000. 

FIGURE 1 2-2 Schematic diagram of the phosphorylation sites on each of the four 60kDa subunits of tyrosine hydroxylase (TOHase). Serine residues at the N-terminus of each of the four subunits of TOHase can be phosphorylated by at least five protein kinases. (J), Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM KII) phosphorylates serine residue 19 and to a lesser extent serine 40. (2), cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylates serine residue 40. (3), Calcium/phosphatidylserine-activated protein kinase (PKC) phosphorylates serine 40. (4), Extracellular receptor-activated protein kinase (ERK) phosphorylates serine 31. (5), A cdc-like protein kinase phosphorylates serine 8. Phosphorylation on either serine 19 or 40 increases the activity of TOHase. Serine 19 phosphorylation requires the presence of an activator protein , also known as 14-3-3 protein, for the expression of increased activity. Phosphorylation of serines 8 and 31 has little effect on catalytic activity. The model shown includes the activation of ERK by an ERK kinase. The ERK kinase is activated by phosphorylation by PKC. (With permission from reference [72].)... 

Koch, T., Kroslak, T., Mayer, P., Raulf, E., and HoUt, V. (1997) Site mutation in the rat mu-opioid receptor demonstrates the involvement of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in agonist-mediated desensitization. J. Neurochem. 69, 1767-1770. 

Communi, D. Dewaste, V. Erneux, C. Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation and activation of D-myo-inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B in astrocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 274, 14734-14742 (1999)... 

Moriguchi S., Han F., Nakagawasai O., Tadano T., and Fukunaga K. (2006). Decreased calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinase C activities mediate impairment of hippocampal long-term potentiation in the olfactory bulbectomized mice. J. Neurochem. 97 22-29. 

Planas-Silva, M. D. and Means, A. R., 1992, Expression of a constitutive form of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II leads to arrest of the cell cycle in G2, EMBO Journal, 11, pp 507-517. 

Moriguchi S (2011) Pharmacological study on Alzheimer s drugs targeting calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. J Pharmacol Sci 117(1) 6-11... 

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) is a mediator of synaptic and cytoskeletal function as well as neurotransmitter release. The reduced CaM kinase II activity observed following normothermic ischemia is not seen under conditions of intraischemic hypothermia (57,110). Ubiquitin, a small protein involved in the catabolism of other abnormal proteins, is decreased following ischemia this may lead to an accumulation of abnormal proteins that affect cell function. Intraischemic hypothermia induces a significant restitution of ubiquitin compared to the normothermic condition (111). 

Chum S. B., Taft W. C., Billingsley M. S., Blair R. E., and DeLorenzo R. J. (1990) Temperature modulation of ischemic neuronal death and inhibition of calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in gerbils. Stroke 21,1715-1721. 

Leonard AS, Lim IA, Hemsworth DE, Home MC, Hell JW. 1999. Calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is associated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 3239 14... 

Strack S, McNeill RB, Colbran RJ. Mechanism and regulation of calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II targeting to the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 275 23798-806... 

Omkumar RV, Kiely MJ, Rosenstein AJ, Min KT, Kennedy MB (1996) Identification of a phosphorylation site for calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II in the NR2B subunit of the 7 1-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. J Biol Chem 277 31670-31678. 

Laabich A, Cooper NG. Regulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the adult rat retina is mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors. Exp Eye Res 1999 68 703-713. 

Major changes in phosphorylation induced by ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion in rat striatum were observed for a 130-kDa protein, tentatively identified as the Ca "" transport ATPase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Sankaran etal. 1997). A 200-300% increase in [ PjSNjATP photoinsertions was observed in the striatum and hippocampus region of a 43-kDa protein with an isoelectric point of 6.8. This protein was identified as glutamine synthetase and the increase in binding was found to be due to both increased copy number and activation by Mn ". An increase in [ PjSNjATP photoinsertions into a 55-kDa protein, identified as the P-subunit of tubulin, was found only in the striatum and hippocampus indicating the depolymerization of microtubulin in these tissues. 

Jones TL, Lustig AC, Sorkin LS. Secondary hyperalgesia in the post-operative pain model is dependent on spinal calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activation. Anesth Analg 2007 105 1650-1656. 

Regulation of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II by 12-Lipoxygenase Products... 

Jin P., Griffith L.C., and Murphey R.K. 1998. Presynaptic calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II regulates habituation of a simple reflex in adult Drosophila. J. Neurosci. 18 8955-8964. 

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