Calcium-dependent protein kinase

Romeis, T., Ludwig, A. A., Martin, R. and Jones, J. D. (2001). Calcium-dependent protein kinases play an essential role in a plant defence response. Embo J. 20, 5556-67. 

Berkovic D, Berkovic K, Fleer EA, Eibl H, Unger C (1994) Inhibition of calcium-dependent protein kinase C by hexadecylphosphocholine and l-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyI-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine do not correlate with inhibition of proliferation of HL60 and K562 cell lines. Eur J Cancer 30A 509-515... 

Jinsart, W. Ternai, B. Polya, G.M. Inhibition of wheat embryo calcium-dependent protein kinase and avian myosin light chain kinase by flavonoids and related compounds. Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler, 372, 819-827 (1991)... 

Lead will also cause cancers in the kidney and lung in experimental animals. Furthermore, in humans exposed to lead similar tumors have been detected in epidemiological studies. Although the mechanism is not known, it is known that lead interferes with calcium-dependent protein kinases. The activation of PKC-mediated pathways leads to increased DNA synthesis. Thus, lead can cause increased cell replication and, so, hyperplasia. This may underlie the carcinogenicity. Lead may also act as a tumor promoter. 

Ishino T, Orito Y, Chinzei Y, Yuda M (2006) A calcium-dependent protein kinase regulates Plasmodium ookinete access to the midgut epithelial cell. Mol Microbiol 59(4) 1175-1184... 

NO is an important neuromodulator in the retina, and is implicated in many physiological processes (Goldstein et al., 1996). NO is synthesized from arginine via the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Three distinct isoforms of NOS have been identified. Neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) are Ca -dependent. nNOS is constitutively expressed by certain types of amacrine cells in the retina. These cells often have long projections in the irmerplexiform layer (Sharma et al., 1997 Sharma et al., 2001). eNOS is expressed by the endothelial cells of blood vessels (Cheon et al., 2003). iNOS is Ca -independent and expressed in Muller and RPE cells in response to certain stimuli (Lopez-Costa et al., 1997). Activation of the NMDA receptor leads to an increase in intracellular calcium levels, which can induce expression of, and activate NOS isoforms, either directly (nNOS) or via the activation of calcium-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) (Lipton, 1999) (O Figure 3-6). 

Morello, L. Frattini, M. Giani, S. Christou, P. Breviario, D. (2000). Overexpression of the calcium-dependent protein kinase OsCDPKl in transgenic rice is repressed by light in leaves and disrupts seed development. Transgenic Research, Vol.9, No.6, (December 2000), pp. 453-462, ISSN 0962-8819... 

Ray, S. Agarwal, P. Arora, R. Kapoor, S. Tyagi, A.K. (2007). Expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase gene family during reproductive development and abiotic stress conditions in rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica). Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Vol.278, No.5, (November 2007), pp. 493-505, ISSN 1617-4623... 

Recent studies (Joseph, unpublished) appear to draw attention to a possible interaction with signaling molecules, although whether this is a direct or indirect property has yet to be elucidated. For example, blueberry supplementation was found to induce alterations in age- and calcium-sensitive signaling molecules associated with memory, especially the conversion of short-to long-term memory. These include calcium-dependent protein kinase C (PKC), for which studies have shown that its activity is important in formation of memory, particularly spatial... 

Colombo PJ, Wetsel W, Gallagher MG. Spatial memory is related to hippocampal subcellular concentrations of calcium-dependent protein kinase C isoforms in young and aged rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997 94 1495-1499. 

Lanteri, M. L. Pagnussat, G. C. Lamattina, L. Calcium and calcium-dependent protein kinases are involved in nitric oxide- and auxin-induced adventitious root formation in cucumber. J. Exp. Bot. 2006, 57, 1341-1351. 

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